Alka Seltzer Lab Report

Our testable question was, what is the effect of different liquids on the dissolving rate of the alka seltzer. To answer this question we dissolved alka seltzer in three different liquids, and recorded the data we found. After testing water three times

In this lab we tested how changing the content of the water affects the speed of the alka seltzer dissolving. My hypothesis was that the tap water would dissolve the tablet fastest, the salt water would be second fastest, and the sugar water would be the slowest. I was correct that the tap water would dissolve the fastest, but I was wrong in that the salt water would dissolve faster than the sugar water. I think that our results came out the way they did because of the amount of sugar and salt we put into the water. When we put the sugar and salt into the beakers, we came up with those measurements on the spot. After the salt and sugar had been added, the salt water was very cloudy, but you could barely tell the tap water from the sugar water.

Introduction: Alka-seltzer contains three active ingredients, aspirin, sodium hydrogen carbonate and citric acid. It is used for headaches, migraines, and cold and flu symptoms. Alka-Seltzer is usually taken when dissolved in a glass of water. When placed in water a series of chemical reactions result into Sodium citrate and Sodium acetylsalicylate. The sodium citrate would act as the antacid for stomach pains, and the sodium acetylsalicylate would act as the pain reliever.

Ever wonder about the chemical makeup of tablets that people take for pain relief? Before a tablet can be successfully made, the limiting and excess reactants must be considered. The limiting reactant will affect the amount of the product that can be made. Another reason why the starting reactants must be determined carefully is to make reduce the amount of the reactant in excess so that reactants are not wasted. This experiment uses an Alka-Seltzer tablet. Alka-Seltzer dissolves in water and is an antacid and a pain reliever1. The Alka-Seltzer tablet has many uses such as relief of headaches, ingestion, heart burns, or even upset stomachs2. The active ingredients in an Alka-Seltzer tablet is aspirin, also known as acetyl-salicylic acid (C8H12O4), citric acid (C6H8O7), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)2. The aspirin in the Alka-Seltzer tablet helps with pain relief. Because of the acid-base chemistry (Brønsted-Lowry), citric acid and sodium bicarbonate produce O2, which makes the tablet fizz when it is dropped in liquid. The Brønsted-Lowry theory shows how the Brønsted-Lowry acid donates a hydrogen ion while the Brønsted-Lowry base accepts the hydrogen ions3. The remaining NaHCO3 that is in excess post reaction with the citric acid is what is used to neutralize stomach acid which helps relief heart burn2. The problem in

Since Alka Seltzer is swallowed and reacts with stomach acid, the vinegar is in this experiment is substituting as the stomach acid. The principle of limiting reagents relates to this lab because

11. The experiment was repeated three more times using different water temperatures (room temp water, cold temp water, hot temp water).

One of our flaws was that the temperature of the water was not exactly the same when we did the different trials. The temperatures were slightly off from our recorded value during the experiments. The change in temperature would affect the time it took for the Alka-Seltzer tablet to dissolve in the water. If there was a direct relationship between water temperature and dissolve time, we would not be able to see it because the temperatures are off and the dissolve times are not associated with the correct temperature. Another flaw is that we did not use the same amount of water throughout the experiment. We used a beaker to measure the water, which did not result in accurate measurements. The difference in amount of water could result in a difference in reaction time. The third flaw in the experiment was that during the reaction of the warm water, the water in the cup overflowed and spilled, bringing some of the Alka-Seltzer tablet with it. There were different amounts of tablet in different areas of the water, which means a different amount of Alka-Seltzer remained inside of the cup in each trial. This difference would mean that data for the warm water would fluctuate and we would not have accurate

The proof (twice the % alcohol) starts at its maximum and goes down (as the alcohol evaporates). If we start with a high concentration of alcohol, we will get the azeotrope (95% alcohol, 5% water) for a while, then the concentration will decrease.

The first error that might have occurred was that the water and vinegar might have been covering the entire penny and the penny might not have been exposed to enough air. If the penny was not exposed to enough air, then the penny could have reacted differently toward the experiment. The paper towels were dry towards the end of the experiment and more water and vinegar was not added to the cups. This could have affected the way the penny was affected. With more water and vinegar, the pennies may have gotten more green or may have has a stronger reaction. At the end of the experiment, the pennies were taken out of the cups and placed a new paper towel. The towel was then labeled with sharpies and left to sit there for a day. The different chemicals in the sharpies could have affected the way the penny reacted. Since the sharpie marker was so close to the pennies, they could have easily been affected. Another experiment that people may want to do next is to the same experiment, but with different liquids. Instead of the vinegar being white vinegar, maybe one could try the experiment with a different type of vinegar, like apple cider vinegar. Apple cider vinegar has different ingredients and could be affected differently and have very different results. To conclude, there were many possible errors during this experiment and many scientific reasons on why the pennies reacted the way they

A small beaker was placed under the arm of the distillation head to catch the distillate. Foil was wrapped around the neck of the round-bottomed flask and a wet paper towel was wrapped around the arm of the distillation head to create a condenser. The flask was heated gently so that the distillate dropped at a rate of two drops per minute. The temperature was recorded as every drop was collected. The distillation began at around 55.0 ℃. The distillation was stopped after 29 drops were collected to prevent the solution from being distilled to dryness. See attached data. The known boiling point of 1-butanol is 117.5 ℃ (Lemonds). The known boiling point of 1-propanol is 97 ℃ (Thiyagarajan). The known boiling point of acetone is 56 ℃ (Forss). The known boiling point of 2-butanone is 79.6 ℃ (Jiang). For unknown #3 the boiling point of the first substance seemed to be around 56 ℃ and the boiling point of the second substance seemed to be around 111 ℃. Therefore unknown #3 seemed to be a mixture of acetone and 1-butanol.

Alka Seltzer is a medical drug used for pain relief and used for relieving indigestion. For example, if you have a stomachache or some indigestion problems, Alka Seltzer may help neutralize the stomach acidity. Not only that, Alka Seltzer is also used for cleaning household items, such as vases or jewelry. Alka Seltzer contains citric acid and sodium bicarbonate, which makes it dissolve and release carbon dioxide gas when dropped in water. In this experiment, my lab partner, Rebecca, and I are trying to find a way to make Alka Seltzer dissolve faster in water. Rebecca and I both decide that if we increase the temperature of the water or make the water hotter, then the Alka Seltzer will dissolve faster because I know when salt and sugar dissolve in hot water, they dissolve faster. I predict that this same result would apply to this experiment.

2. Some of the outside variables that could have affected our outcomes for the experiment are the ambient temperature and how quickly the groups took the hot dogs out of the ice water to measure their temperatures. The ambient temperature was 28 degrees Celsius, the coldest temperatures of the hot dogs ranged from 35 to 37 degrees Celsius, so for the groups that measured their hot dogs’ temperature quicker, they gave their hot dogs a head start in the warming process. For groups that were not as quick with their measurements, their hot dogs starting warming up at a later time, so by the time the experiment was over, their temperatures would have been lower than the groups that measured quickly. We did not control these outside variables because we did not increase or decrease the room temperature by turning on the AC.

Distillation of the first product began at 83 °C. A Pasteur pipette was used to remove 1-ml of the distillate into a vial. A second vial was filled with distillate until it reached 1-ml. As the second vial is being filled, observe the temperature and remove the apparatus from the heat source if there is an observed drop in temperature.

The hypothesis in this experiment that will be tested is “ If there is a higher temperature inside the jar,then bigger crystals will form because the heat speeds up reactions.’To figure out if this is correct, the scientist must get the temperature of each of the conditions they will be testing in. This composes

was too fast to measure and so for my scale to reach above that, I