Alkyl Chloride Lab Report

In an oxidation reaction, the number of C-H bonds decreases or the number of C-O bonds increases, while in a reduction reaction, the number of C-H bonds increases or the number of C-O bonds decreases. In the oxidation step of this reaction, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone is formed from when a C-H bond is lost while a C-O bond is gained to create a carbonyl. In the reduction step, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol is formed when the carbonyl is converted into an alcohol when a nucleophilic hydride attacks the carbonyl. Whether the OH is in the

During the halogenation reactions of 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and 2-methyl-2-propanol, there is a formation of water from the OH atom of the alcohol, and the H atom from the HCl solution. The OH bond of the alcohol is then substituted with the Cl atom. Therefore all of the degrees of alcohol undergo halogenation reactions, and form alkyl halides as products. This is because the functional group of alkyl halides is a carbon-halogen bond. A common halogen is chlorine, as used in this experiment.

The Hydroxyl group on alcohols relates to their reactivity. This concept was explored by answering the question “Does each alcohol undergo halogenation and controlled oxidation?” . Using three isomers of butanol; the primary 1-butanol, the secondary 2-butanol and the tertiary 2-methyl-2-propanol, also referred to as T-butanol, two experiments were performed to test the capabilities of the alcohols. When mixed with hydrochloric acid in a glass test tube, the primary alcohol and secondary alcohols were expected to halogenate, however the secondary and tertiary ended up doing so. This may have been because of the orientation of the Hydroxyl group when butanol is in a different

Of the alcohols tested 1-Butanol was found to contain the strongest intermolecular forces (IMF) of attraction, with Methanol containing the weakest. It was discovered through experimentation that Methanol induced the highest ?T of all alcohols tested, and that conversely 1-Butanol induced the lowest ?T. The atomic structure of all four alcohols is very similar, as starting with 1-Butanol a CH2 group is lost as you move from 1-Butanol to 1-Propanol to Ethanol and then again to Methanol. Each structure is fairly linear and contains an H-bond with Oxygen, so the real change is found in the loss of the CH2 group, this lowers the liquid’s Molecular Mass, thus lowering the London forces as you move from 1-Butanol through

The former compound is very reactive and therefore less selective, while the latter is less reactive and therefore more selective. NaBH4, which is used in this experiment, reduces only ketones and aldehydes. It produces primary alcohols from aldehydes and secondary alcohols from ketones. The reagent also reacts more rapidly with carbonyl groups than with the solvent, which is the reason it is used rather than catalytic hydrogenation or metal hydrides.

reaction. The purpose was to learn what a SN1 reaction was with combining 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol and HCl and to learn how to use an infrared spectrum for analyzing the reaction. The infrared spectrum determined the alcohol content

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the nucleophilic strength of chloride and bromide ions as it reacts with 1-butanol (n-butyl) and 2-methyl-2-propanol (t-butyl alcohol) under SN1 and SN2 conditions.

When forming the Grignard reagent, the solution became brown in color and as it proceeded the solution became lighter. After a week, the solution was pink/red with clear/white crystals. In the addition of HCl, the solution began to become yellow and two layers began to form. The top layer was yellow and the lower layer was clear/white. The final alcohol product yield was calculated to be 88.317 percent by dividing the weight of the product (6.789 g) by the theoretical yield of 7.69 g. When placed in the infrared spectroscopy machine, alcohol (υO-H) was found at wavenumber of 3366.75 cm-1

The expansion of water to a carbon-carbon pi cling to make a liquor is known as hydration. The turn around response is the procedure called lack of hydration. To expand more on hydration, an overabundance measure of water is required all together for the response to be finished completely while lack of hydration of a liquor is the expulsion of water for the response to be finished. In this analysis, hydration of norbornene was done to give exo-norborneol. A remark is that in this test sulfuric corrosive was utilized. The inquiry is the reason? The response to this is on account of sulfuric corrosive's conjugate base is a powerless nucleophile. The reason for this is sulfuric corrosive gives a Hydrogen proton in arrangement making H3O+, hydronium and making HSO - 4 as the conjugate base (feeble). H3O+ is utilized to respond with norbornene to make exo-norborneol. The reversible response is additionally conceivable in light of the fact that it just arrangements the exchanging of hydrogen

BI532: Skills for Bioscientists 2 Mini Project 2 report Effect on the velocity Alcohol Dehydrogenase on different alcohols under different conditions Abstract The effect on the velocity of Alcohol dehydrogenase producing an acetaldehyde was measured under different conditions to analyse the properties of the enzyme as well as the concentration the enzymes have the best rates. The velocity of alcohol dehydrogenase was measured against different substrates such as ethanol, propanol and propan-2-ol and using spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 340nm. While the enzyme velocity of ethanol production was high, propan-2-ol did not cause any changes the rate of acetaldehyde production. The amount of ethanol, which was the most reactive substrate, that reacted with the fastest rate was then calculated

The reaction took place in a conical vial and .2mL of each of the reactant samples were added to it along with some 95% ethanol. Two drops of NaOH were added shortly after and stirred at room temperature for fifteen minutes. The vial was cooled in and ice bath and crystallized. Vacuum filtration was performed to filter the crude product. The crude product was recrystallized using methanol and filtered again. We made one change to the procedure and instead of using .7mL of ethanol we

Dispense .5 mL water into the already weighed conical vial, replace cap and face insert on its down side.

The observations were that under heat conditions, we observe the overall concentration of l-menthol to be greater than that of l-menthone, which is highlighted by both Graph 1.0 and 2.0. The opposite trend is seen under light conditions, in which the concentration of l-menthone is greater than that of l-menthol, which is also highlighted by both Graph 1.0 and 2.0. This is notable as any high concentrations of l-menthol may lend itself to be overbearing. Additionally, we observed the isomerization of isomenthol to occur in both light and heat

This lab consisted of the conversion of alcohols into alkyl halides through common substitution methods. These methods include SN1 and SN2 mechanism, both of which can occur for this type of reaction. For both reactions, the first step of protonation will be to add hydrogen to the –OH group and then the rest of the reaction will proceed according to the type of mechanism. SN1 reactions form a cation intermediate once the H2O group leaves, then allowing a halide (such as Br) to attack the positively charged reagent1. On the other hand, SN2 reactions are one-step mechanism in which no intermediate is formed and the halide attaches as the leaving

If I was to do an experiment like this again I could use a different variable instead of alcohols. Instead I could investigate a chain of alkanes or alkenes, “in order to test alkenes I would have to look into the association double carbon bonds have with one