Alkylation of Azole Derivatives Essay

The goal of this was to successfully accomplish the synthesis of para-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid. In this experiment, para-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid was synthesized from 4-chlorophenolate and chloroacetic acid using an SN2 reaction. The product obtained was determined to be the para isomer of Chlorophenoxyacetic acid. This was confirmed by the melting point of 157.3-157.9 ◦C. The percent yield determined at the end of the experiment was 37.83 %. The TLC analysis showed that P-Chlorophenol was less polar than P-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid because it had an Rf value of 0.38 in comparison to the value of 0.33 on a 50:50 hexane and ethyl acetate solvent mixture. In the NMR comparison, it was shown that both the starting material of chloroacetic acid and product contained a peak of integration two around 4 ppm representing the acidic proton. In the FT-IR comparison, it was determined that the Chloroacetic acid and the para-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid both had an OH bond at 3416 cm-1 and 3429.72 cm-1 respectively. The Chloroacetic acid and para-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid also both had a carbon-oxygen double bond at 1648 cm-1 and 1654.81 cm-1 respectively. The para-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid also contained a peak at 1236.18 cm-1 which represents the C-O-C bond.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a Diels-Alder reaction with the reactants, anthracene-9-methanol and N-methylmaleimide, in conjunction with the principles and metrics of green chemistry: increasing atom economy, utilizing safer solvents, and preventing pollution.1 Upon completion of the calculation, the atom economy and percent yield were found to be 100% and 4.88% respectively. Subsequently, melting point range analysis yielded a melting range of 218-220℃. These findings could be useful for individuals looking to maximize the percent yield for other Diels-Alder reaction while utilizing benign green reagents and solvents.

In “Chemistry: Green and Clean, the author builds an argument that Chemists are finding ways to save energy, cut waste and boost safety. Author Jennifer Weeks uses Green chemists working to identify chemical products and processes that are wasteful, Green chemists working to swap out harmful ingredients for safer alternatives, Green chemists working to modify processes to use less energy and cut waste to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of her argument.

INTRODUCTION Hydrazones1-3 were reported to possess various biological activities. In the present communication we report the synthesis of new phenyl hydrazones. These hydrazones were synthesized by using different aromatic aldehydes which react with phenyl hydrazine in presence of alkali to undergo condensation by removal of one mole of water molecule. It is the simplest reaction to form reactive phenyl hydrazones. The synthesized compounds after purification were characterized by spectral methods viz.

The condensation product of primary amines with active carbonyl compounds have resulted in the formation of Schiff base compound. This has been reported by Hugo Schiff in 1864. Schiff base compound contain azomethine -C≡N with a general formula RHC=N-R’ where R and R’ are alkyl, aryl, cyclo alkyl or heterocyclic groups which may be variously substituted. These compounds are also known as anils, imines or azomethines (Mishra N. et al, 2013). Structurally, a Schiff base is a nitrogen analogue of an aldehyde or ketone in which the carbonyl group (C=O) has been replaced by an imine or azomethine group (Figure 1.1) (Abu-Dief M.A et al, 2015).

Introduction: The process of synthesizing cyclic compounds is a common task presented in the field of organic chemistry. The Diels-Alder reaction consists of a conjugated diene bonding with an alkene in which two new σ bonds are formed and two π bonds are broken, yielding a cyclohexane product1. This type of reaction is useful in the field for several reasons; the reaction produces a high yield, produces two new stereocenters, and is stereospecific1. For a diene to participate in the reaction, two conditions must be met. The diene’s double bonds have to be conjugated and in the s-cis conformation2.

=O and C =C aromatic stretches (Table 1) that correspond to the literature value6, but are less intense explained by the low yield. To improve the yields of this multistep synthesis the procedure should be modified to allow a longer reaction time to condense all of the benzaldehyde to benzoin in the first step as 1.5 h is not sufficient as shown by the TLC. Furthermore, recrystallization should be performed after each synthetic step as to remove impurities and potential side products that may

Using the formation of a tosylate to transform the OH group of the starting material into a good leaving group so that it could be eliminated in the formation of a carbon-carbon double bond. As illustrated in the results of the GC, IR, and NMR analysis of the products, the experiment was successful and occurred as predicted. It can be concluded that if a specific product is desired from experimental synthesis, the best option, in terms of control and specificity, is to design an experiment that favors an E2 mechanism. As it proves to be the more selective of the elimination/substitution

Three carbon-carbon forming reactions—barbier, wittig, and aldol— were performed in order to analyze which reaction had a more green-chemistry approach. Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions are important in organic synthesis because they allow construction of the desired product. The similarities of these carbon-carbon forming reactions were that they all used a type of aromatic benzaldehyde, which was a reactive, easy to work with organic compound. In contrast, the wittig reaction was solventless, while the barbier and aldol reactions were not. Scheme 1 represents the carbon-carbon forming barbier

The purpose of this experiment was to prepare azo dyes using the combinatorial approach to show the principles combinatorial chemistry. Using combinatorial synthesis, an array of chemicals can be synthesized by using a parallel synthesis to identify potentially valuable compounds. This electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction involved multiple steps to complete, however, no major techniques were used; only the use of a hot place and an ice bath. The specific azo dyes produced in this experiment used the coupling partners 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol with 3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. The azo dye for the meta reaction of 1-naphthol with 3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid yielded a very dark red color. The azo dye for the meta reaction of

In the article “Chemistry: Green and Clean.”, the author provides examples of harmful chemicals and their negative effect on nature. The author continues the article with solutions to the problems that are more natural and reasonable. Weeks talks about how one can adjust a process in order to use less energy and cut waste; chemist are identifying products or systems that have negative side effects such as pollution; and to use more natural and safer ingredients instead of toxic or wasteful ones. Jennifer weeks supports her claim with the use of factual evidence, reasoning and stylistic elements.

Green chemistry shapes the ways in which chemical processes or products can become ‘greener’. Green chemistry is also defined as sustainable chemistry, chemistry that reduces its negative effects of the environment, and life forms within, both long term and short term. Within green chemistry there are 12 primary principles; atom economy, less hazardous chemical synthesis, designing safer chemicals, safer solvents and auxiliaries, design for energy efficiency, use of renewable feedstocks, reduce derivatives, catalysis, design for degradation, real-time analysis from pollution prevention and inherently safer chemistry for accident prevention, all of which branch under the key principle; prevention.

Organic Chemistry has always been a source of great fun and challenge to me. As a result of my earnest passion for the subject and outstanding record (third rank in the class out 93 students & first rank in the laboratory out 24 students), I was selected to participate as summer teaching assistant in organic chemistry, and received the honor to join Dr. Sunasee’s Research Lab. My time as summer teaching assistant enriched my academic experience in teaching and peer tutoring and also advanced my skills in chemistry.

Chemical engineering is an engineering major with the strongest ties with the molecular science. Chemical Engineering is mainly based on the three pillars, those are design, optimization and controls. If we apply all this basis to living system then it is called as the Biochemical Engineering. Biochemical Engineering which is also called as the, Bioprocessing Engineering deals with the design and construction of the unit processes that include biological molecules such as bioreactors. Biochemical Engineering is a unified knowledge of the principles of both biology and chemical engineering, and it plays a major engineering role in the rapidly developing area of biotechnology. In this thesis, using the creative synthesis methodology the biochemical relationship between Tetracyclines and Polyphenols has been studied.

The challenge is to identify the strategies so scientists can form organ-metal intermediates in a mild condition, and to also discover different methods for these organ-metal intermediates' subsequent functionalisation in order to expand this area. This presents an exciting challenge for chemists since it might be the ultimate synthetic transformation.