All About Covalent Bonding ! Valence Electrons

5. The two primary types of chemical bonding is ionic and covalent. Ionic bonding is when atoms give

An ionic bond is a bond that results from the attraction between oppositely charges ions; one atom "gives" another atom an electron. Combinations of metals and nonmetals typically form ionic bonds. A covalent bond is a bond that results from

A covalent bond is a bond that occurs when atoms in a molecule share a pair of electrons. For example, “the atoms in sugar do not form ions; instead, they are held together because of shared electrons.”

2. Describe the three different types of bonds, providing examples of molecules formed through each type of bond. (3 points) Covalent bond, methane. Ionic bond, table salt. Hydrogen bond, water.

For example, molecules with projecting Hydrogen atoms bond with molecules with projecting Hydroxyl groups (-OH), forming water. The water molecule then leaves the reactants, allowing them to bond to form a larger, more complex molecule.

Hydrogen bonds contribute to a property of water called cohesion or the tendency of water molecules to stick together.

A) They feature carbon atoms which are covalently bonded to hydrogen (Open Learning Initiative, 2015, pg.63).

In the nucleus of an atom there are protons and neutrons the number of protons and neutrons depends on the element and ,if it is an isotope of that element. E.g. carbon 12, carbon 12 has six neutrons six protons and 6 electrons . Electrons are located around the nucleus of the atom. Electrons are in shells, the shell closest to the nucleus is 1 , the one after 2 and so on. Each shell can only hold up to a certain number of electrons . the first can hold up to 2 , the second 8 (2+6) the third up to 18 (2+6+10). The general formula for finding out how many electrons a shell can hold is 2n^2. Electrons have a negative charge , while protons have a positive and neutrons have no charge. A atom has the same number of protons and electrons. An ion is formed when an atom loses or gains a electrons .

35. Polyatomic ions (Table E) are groups of atoms, covalently bonded together, with an overall charge.

In metallic bonding, the reason it is so good at conducting heat and electricity, is the electrons are loosely held in the atom. Also, the structural pattern of metals is hexagonal-close-packing (Francis, E . . .). Metallic bonds are when the electrons are shared and are able to move and how C models show that. The idea of the electrons being able to move, delocalized electrons, helps produce its characteristics like conductivity and malleability, etc. (Anderson . . .). In a redox reaction, oxidation and reduction happens. Also you can’t have reduction happening without oxidation also happening along with it. Redox reactions oxidation is the loss of electrons
and reduction is the gain of electrons (Redox . .

-Covalent bond- Electrons are shared between two atoms, neither atom completely gains or loses electrons. Between two nonmetals.

Each chemical compounds has a certain percentage of ionic character in its bonds and the remaining percentage as covalent bonds. The only compounds that are accepted as being 100 percent covalent are the chemical combinations that happen between two similar atoms.However if atoms are different in the compound it will present a certain percentage of ionicity in its

In ionic bonding one atom transfers electrons to another, creating ions with differing electrical charge.

As the size of the negative ion and the charge on the positive ion both increase and the size of the positive ions decrease, the polarisation effect increases. This polar ionic bonding gives many of the atoms covalent characters. Sometimes one of the atoms become so highly polarised that they share the electrons and therefore can create covalent bonds. Covalent bonding takes place where two atoms have a single, unpaired electron in an atomic orbital; these orbitals will therefore overlap so that the two atoms are sharing a pair of electrons. The attraction that holds the atoms together is the force between the electron and the nuclei in each of the atoms.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralization_(chemistry) An acid is molecule or ion capable of donating a hydron, or capable of forming a covalent bond with and electronic pair.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid A base in chemistry, is a substance that can accept hydrogen ions.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base A covalent bond can also be known as a molecule bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bond These electron pairs can also be known as shared pairs or bonding pairs. Electron pairs consist of two electrons that occupy the same orbital but they have opposite spins. Hydrogen ions is a common name for the aqueous cation H 30+, the type of oxonium ion made by protonation of water. It's the positive ion present an Arrhenius acid is dissolved in