Allegory And Structuralism In Pandora From Hesiod's Theogony

There are many allusions to Pandora in modern day life. In this report I will be writing about all of the different ways Pandora is incorporated in todays society. Pandora was the first woman on earth and she was created by Zeus as a punishment to Prometheus. Zeus gave Pandora and a box to Epimetheus and told him not to open it. Pandora and Epimetheus lived a happy life together in a world where no one grew old or sick. Later in life Pandora grew curious and she opened the box releasing hate, jealousy, cruelty, anger, hunger, poverty, pain, sickness, old age, and death into the world. With all of the horrible things, one good thing came out of the box, that thing was Hope. Hope made it possible for humans to have a chance at happiness.

Making use of rhetoric devices and compromising the ideals of democracy breach the ideals of traditions in the Greek society. Unlike that in the “Clouds”, Thucydides does not show any sign of flaws of the traditional values.

He maintains his focus on Greek myths not only because of the sheer number of myths around the world, making it impossible to interpret and clarify them all, but also because European men, who would have been familiar with the myths from Greece, write most of the classics we analyze. He explains that these myths are not only a part of them but also “so much a part of the fabric of our consciousness, of our unconscious really, that we scarcely notice” (Foster, 51). Which suggests that, we can recognize Greek myths even if we do not realize it. With this simple fact presented to us, we no longer wonder why allusions to Greek myths have been used since they emerged and are still employed today. Myths are often exercised as “overt subject matter for poems and paintings and operas and novels” but more often “writers have…borrowed from and emulated” these myths (Foster, 52, 53). Instead of explaining every detail about every character, place or moment authors rely on other stories, such as myths, to expand and develop their tale. The writer will subtly hint at myths and hope you recognize their allusions to these old legends. Since we established that, we know these myths, whether consciously or not, we can take these allusions and decipher any hidden meanings the author has for us, giving each story a new level.

However, once Pandora arrived she brought with her countless suffering, illness and hardships. This is significant as according to this poem, woman is portrayed as the being the reason behind all the sufferings in this world. This sets the tone for the rest of the poem as the idea that females are dangerous to males is repeated several times throughout. Pandora brings with her a jar, famously known as Pandora’s box. This box when opened releases a myriad of illnesses and misfortunes amongst mankind. Hesiod mentions that one item, hope, did not escape the jar, “only hope was left within her unbreakable house.” Hesiod does not mention why hope remained in the jar and what significance it has but after reading the whole poem, one can conclude that hope remaining in the jar signifies how men have no hope against women, for without them, they would die alone but with them they have to withstand their conniving

Pandora- Pandora was a beautiful girl who was molded out of earth by Hephaestus for Zeus to send her down to earth and release an evil upon man for having fire. She was given a box that had all the evil of the world, which with the curiosity that she was built with curiosity, enticed her to open it. When she opened it all the evils spread all over the world. In nervousness she closes the box leaving only hope inside. In myth it sands that she represents the evil that woman bring upon the world.

Hesiod’s versions of the Prometheus/Pandora story and the book of Genesis’s story of Eve’s act of eating the forbidden fruit both introduce a female figure whose actions are connected with the seeming introduction of evil into the world. At first glance, it appears that the Genesis story is more compelling than Hesiod’s account at explaining the origin of evil because its monotheistic structure makes the logic behind the evils far more clear and straightforward than Hesiod’s logic. The act of disobedience by Eve seems fully her own fault while God (Yahweh) is faultless. However, Genesis is too simple because the story of Prometheus/Pandora is far more complex. The Hesiod story of Prometheus/Pandora is more compelling than Genesis because the conflict allowed disputes between the gods in its polytheistic worldview rather than one god making Hesiod more compelling at explaining the evils of the world.

One of the issues in Homers The Odyssey is understanding the role and function of the goddess Athena. The problem is most pronounced when examining Athena’s duality. She provides Odysseus both her counsel and assistance throughout the story yet she’s also the entity that keeps him exiled from his home. Athena’s role, similar to the other gods, is to correct apparent injustices. “Oh father Zeus and gods and bliss forever let no man holding scepter as a king think to be mild the fatherhood and mercy through his reign. Meanwhile he lives and grieves upon the island of the nymph…” Book 5 lines 9-21. These lines show that Athena is concerned about the injustice that surrounds Odysseus and his son. This suggests that gods can become active in the role of mortals and may aid them to correct inequity through their fate. This paper will explore the obligations Athena had to ensure Odysseus’ voyage home safely as well as the thematic importance of fate in The Odyssey and the intervention and the power of the gods and goddesses. Fate is one of the occurring themes throughout the Odyssey, where the intervention of the gods and goddesses is common due to the triumphs of men and women.

“Zeus, angry with Prometheus for stealing fire and giving it to man, had the gods create another gift, a woman of great beauty and evil, from whom womankind is descended… she opens a jar from which pains and evils escape, leaving only hope caught within the lid.”(Murray 91). Murray shows the direct link between the actions of Prometheus and Pandora, as does Hesiod, but Murray accomplishes this actively through analysis of the events, whereas Hesiod does so in an additional passive sense, through the use of structure in the Theogony.

The three themes present in these tales of creation are chaos, sin, and transformation. From the beginning we see how God brings order to chaos, not creation out of nothing. Chaos is the primordial state of existence in Greek myth, and hence, these stories have an immense effect on the way people think of the universe. Chaos has a pervasive presence not only in the physical world but also in the lives and actions of human beings as Lycaon’s case represents. Ovid described Chaos as “a huge agglomeration of upset”. By separating and transforming material object and living being, the creator god imposes rational order on unruly matter. Thus, transformation is another important theme in these tales of creation. This shows that the Greco-Roman community

The story of Pandora is one that shows how men found themselves superior and blamed women for the problems of the world. In the story Prometheus offered Zeus something that looked good but was bad on the inside. In return Zeus offered him something that looked good on the outside but was filled with lies, swindles, and other bad behaviors (Powell 115). To make a long story short, Pandora opened the jar and made the good life turn into labor, misery, and disease, with death in the end. I think that this showed that the Greco-Roman society blamed women for all of their problems. I think that this is different than the women's role in today's society. I think that men are blamed more for the problems of today. Even though you and I both know they're mostly the fault of women.

Hesiod’s gods lost their carelessness and gaiety of the Homeric gods, became the moral forces, severe guardians of order and justice, born of Zeus. The role of gods according to Hesiod belongs not only the Olympian gods with human form, like Zeus or Apollo, but the Earth, Sky, Star, Wind, Fight, Lies, Victory, Wisdom, violence, etc. Zeus as for Hesiod is not just carrier of the power, as Uranus and Kronus, but also the embodiment of a long-awaited order, keeper and guardian of ethics. The desire to have a better life and a constant feeling of dissatisfaction are natural for people, and the gods tend, on the contrary, to complicate people’s lives and create new difficulties. Thus, the Hesiod’s style of poetry is close to Homer’s one, but because of the general didactic orientation Hesiod’s poetry is almost out of bright Homeric metaphors, similes and epithets.

Another myth of a cautionary tale concerns Prometheus, a Titan, who chose to go against the gods by stealing the secret of fire in order to help humans build society and live as gods. Yet in the end, the humans suffer as Pandora is sent to earth with a box filled with terrible things with which to punish the mortals who dared to take one of the things that separated gods from humans: fire. The world of Pandora in Avatar is like the Pandora of myth. The humans had to figuratively and literally dig deep into the world of Pandora to uncover the good and bad, just as Pandora had to open a box to unleash hope and evil. Jake himself metaphorically opens Pandora’s Box by accepting the offer to be the

For this informative report I will attempt to point out the roles women and how they are viewed in ancient Greece. I will then show how these views are present in Homer’s "The Odyssey." How are women, goddess or mortal, conveyed in "The Odyssey?"

The myth of Pandora starts with two brothers, Epimetheus and Prometheus, who were Titans that tasked themselves as spokespeople for their creation from clay: mankind. Epimetheus was in charge of creating the creatures that were to roam the Earth while Prometheus was to distribute them. While most animals were armed or protected by their physical attributes, man stood alone naked and bear to all those that may attack. Thus, Prometheus, the mischevious of the two, deceived Zeus one day into giving mankind the best portion of a sacrificed bull, leaving behind bare bones and fats for the gods. Outraged and offended, Zeus then took the gift of fire away from mankind to leave them in the cold and darkness. However, Prometheus once again outwitted Zeus and stole unwearying fire for men to have the intelligence necessary to sustain their lives. As punishment, Zeus chained Prometheus to a rock in Caucasus where an eagle ripped apart and devoured his liver every day, which then regenerated each nightfall as result of his immortality. Although Prometheus caused him the most angst, Zeus believed the kind-hearted Epimetheus deserved to struggle as well in a form that would not only punish him but also the brothers’ creation of mankind. Zeus called out for Hephaestus to construct the most beautiful, intelligent, and brave women named Pandora to be the new companion of Epimetheus in place of Prometheus. However, he also graced her with one other quality: curiosity. So, Zeus delivered his

Pandora, like Eve, is seen as being the unleasher of evil. In Mythology, in one account, it is said that from Pandora, “the first woman, comes the race of women” (Hamilton 70). Women are then said to be, “evil to men, with a nature to do evil”(Hamilton 70). Pandora and her descendants {womankind} are, blatantly said to be inherently evil. Many other female characters in Mythology are also characterized as being, if not evil, possessing other wicked traits such as being conniving, manipulative, vain, and even oftentimes being said to be sorcerers. This representation of female characters an effect of the original statements made about Pandora and womankind at the beginning of Mythology. However, in an alternative version of Pandora’s narrative, Pandora is illustrated in a different way. Pandora’s manner of unleashing evil into the world was through, “not her wicked nature, but only her curiosity ” (Hamilton 72). In this account Pandora herself isn’t evil, but she is still to blame for the evil unleashed upon the world. Pandora is blamed for her lack of understanding of the consequences of her actions. She stands as a symbol for the thoughtlessness, and foolishness of woman and their inferiority to men, who unlike woman, are more thoughtful and