Allergic Asthma

To better understand the impact of asthma, a brief overview of the causes (aetiology) and disease progression (pathophysiology) must be shown. As common as asthma is, not much is known about its aetiology, according to findings presented by Subbaroa, Mandhane and Sears (2009, pg. 181-187) in a review from the Canadian

Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways that makes breathing difficult. With asthma, there is inflammation of the air passages that results in a temporary narrowing of the airways that carry oxygen to the lungs. When this inflammation occurs, the asthma symptoms start to show, such as, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Even though there are many treatments for asthma symptoms, it is still a very serious disease that affects more than 22 million Americans and brings nearly 2 million E.R. visits per year. Asthma can be lived with very well as long as proper treatment measures are taken (Wrongdiagnosis).

1. Asthma as a word means, “To breathe hard.” Just as the definition of the word, people with asthma have a hard time breathing, tightness in the chest and wheezing can occur. It is also a chronic disease of the respiratory system, which the respiratory passages in the lungs become oversensitive and overactive. (i)

Asthma is a serious condition that involves the chronic inflammation of your airway, and can partially or completely inhibit your ability to breathe properly. It was most recently reported that around 8% of the American population has asthma, and this condition is only becoming more common.

Intrinsic asthma is characterized by airway obstruction and inflammation that is at least partially reversible

Asthma and Allergy are accepted conditions that involve both genetics and environmental bothers (contributions). Also, this type of condition is a disease striking the cells of the human body’s immune system; however, it is inflammatory response to a normally

Asthma is the most common childhood condition in Australia (Better Health Channel, 2015). The National Institute of Health [NIH] (2014), describes asthma is a chronic long-term lung disease that causes a person’s airways to swell and become very sensitive. The airways are tubes that carry air into and out of a person’s lungs. When theses airways react to certain stimuli, the muscles around them tighten, narrowing the airways and causing less air to flow to the lungs. When this occurs, cells in the airways can also make more mucus than usual, which causes a sticky, thick liquid to be excreted and further narrows the swollen airways. This process is all caused when the person inhales certain substances that aggravate the sensitive airways.

Asthma is a disease that affects a person's lungs by causing repeated episodes of symptoms such as shortness of breath, tightness of chest, wheezing, and coughing. Asthma affects people of all ages, but it often develops during childhood. It is a very common chronic illness in children and as a result, consequences that can occur when it is uncontrolled is often forgettable. Since children have smaller airways than adults, it makes asthma especially serious for them. In 2009, the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, stated that roughly one in ten children develop asthma

According to the fundamental burden of allergic rhinitis on global health, Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) and Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines have been developed to provide evidence based recommendations for the management of allergic rhinitis and asthma coexistence (2, 6). Physicians’ unawareness and unfamiliarity with guidelines and lack of positive attitude toward application of guidelines have key role in the mismanagement of this disorder (7).

Treatment of allergic diseases represents a vast source of global healthcare costs. Allergies affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide with the number of cases continuing to increase at an alarming rate. The study of allergies and how genes and environmental factors affect them are ongoing. Currently, allergen immunotherapy is one of the few viable forms of treatment recognized. However, an alternative method of therapy utilizing microbes may be on the horizon.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory condition which affects the membrane lining of the nose; causing it to become sensitive to allergens such as pollen, dust and animal dander. During AR, antigens bind with immunoglobulin E (IgE) to form an antigen-antibody complex which then attach themselves to the surface of nasal mast cells; inducing a cascade of cellular events leading to mast cell degranulation and the release of histamine via exocytosis. The release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators on blood vessel and nerve endings results in the symptoms of AR such as sneezing, itching and nasal discharge (rhinorrhoea). AR which occurs the same time every year is known as seasonal AR or more commonly known as “hay fever”. Avoiding causative allergens is essential in the management of the symptoms of AR; however, drug treatment is used to alleviate and control its symptoms. This evaluation will focus on the use of H1 anti-histamines, corticosteroids and IgE therapy in the treatment and management of seasonal AR. (ARIA, 2008)

When it comes to Asthma some allergies are just one of the factors that can trigger asthma attacks. Not all people with asthma have allergies and there are many people who have allergies but do not have asthma. Some ongoing health problems can trigger asthma symptoms or make them worse. These include obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, acid reflux, stress and depression. Let your allergist know if you have one of these conditions so you can discuss the best approach to control both your health problem and your asthma symptoms. Colds and sinus infections can also worsen your asthma. Asthma triggers frequently include the following Allergens such as pollen, dust mites, cockroaches, molds and animal dander’s, Irritants in the air, such as

Asthma is the most common chronic disease found in children from developed worlds. Today, approximately ten million children in the United States alone suffer from asthma. Asthma is believed to be increasing dramatically in direct correlation with air pollutants, household chemical exposure, certain allergens, and even food additives. Extensive studies have been conducted on childhood asthma and its association to the exposure of many of these known allergens. Ubiquitous tests have examined exposure to allergens from many household pets such as dogs, cats, and even farm animals; other studies have examined allergens from things such as tobacco smoke, cockroach exposure, mold/fungi exposure, and air pollution levels. These studies have concluded that many pivotal factors play a role in sensitizing an individual to an allergen.

The pathophysiology of Asthma includes inflammation of the airway. The way in which this works is from an irritant which can include dust, pollen, cedar, or cat hair. When a reaction occurs, the airways become inflamed and narrow. The narrowing occurs because once the inflammatory response is triggered by an irritant, histamines, immunoglobulin E antibodies, and leukotrienes are released. Because of this, mucous production occurs. Since the bronchioles are inflamed and narrow, breathing becomes difficult. Wheezing sounds can be heard due to the lack of air being able to easily move in and out of the narrowed bronchioles.

MHC molecule, CD1d, which presents lipid instead of protein antigens to T cells. will require blockade of IL-13 could provide an exciting new approach to ulcerative colitis treatment.