Allergic Rhinitis Research Paper

Asthma control varies over time due to severity and changes in the environment, for example, home, school and or work environments. There are several medications and combinations used to control asthma attacks. The first line of medication are inhaled corticosteroids used to prevent and reduce airway swelling and inhaled long-acting beta agonist used to keep the airways open and relaxed (AAFA, 2015). Examples of long-acting corticosteroids are fluticasone, budesonide, mometasone, beclomethasone, ciclesonide, flunisolide. Examples of LABA medications are salmeterol and formoterol; it is important to remind patients that these medications are not to be used in emergency situations. At times, both medications are used together in a single medication to treat asthma and prevent attacks. Some caution that patients should be aware that when using combination medication, the risk for severe asthma attacks increase (Mayo Clinic, 2015). Examples of combination medications are Advair (fluticasone and salmeterol), Symbicort (budesonide and formoterol), Dulera (mometasone and formoterol) and Breo (fluticasone and

It is available in elixir and pill/capsule form. Immunomodulators decrease asthma symptoms and are not for acute relief. The use of these decreases the need for systemic corticosteroids. Immunomodulators impact different parts of the pathophysiology of asthma. They can be of use in decreasing inflammation and stopping airway remodeling. They bind to IgE preventing it from binding to basophils and mast cells. They also decrease the number of circulating basophils as well as prevent mast cells from releasing things that will worsen asthmatic symptoms. Xolair is a monoclonal antibody and is the only currently approved immunomodulator therapy available for asthma. It is mainly used with positive skin test to known asthma triggers but can also be used for symptoms that are inadequately controlled by inhaled corticosteroids. There are many newer drugs that are in development. Some of these include: Daclizumab which affects multiple places in the asthma cascade; Lebrikizumab which binds and blocks interleukin-13 activity; Reslizumab that targets

Asthma is the leading cause of hospital admissions during childhood. Kumar and Robbins give an accurate definition of asthma as “a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough, particularly at night and/or early in the morning” (489). Asthma is a terrifying disease, especially in children, because of the sudden attacks that could claim lives if not treated immediately and effectively. Despite recent advancements in available drugs and overall therapy, the incidence of childhood asthma is rising (Dolovich 373). In order to effectively treat and eventually prevent the onset of asthma, more effective and economical therapies are necessary; although

The side effect of corticosteroid (comprise, cortisone, hydrocortisone and prednisone) is a treatment done for asthma and other types of illnesses, the reaction of this treatment can be:

The benefits is that it is effective for nasal congestion, runny nose and bronchial disorder in patients with allergic rhinitis. The risks is that causing adverse effect such as headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms and rash (Greiner, Hellings, Rotiroti, and Scadding,

Pollen is the main culprit behind allergic rhinitis, but it could be caused by other things too, such as cat dander. If you don't know what causes your symptoms, consider being tested by an allergist so you know what you need to avoid. You won't be able to avoid pollen entirely,

Medications used are corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and leukotrienes. Corticosteroids are used to suppress the inflammatory process in the airways of asthmatics. This medication stops the regulation of pathways that are involved in the cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Corticosteroids work its way into the respiratory epithelial cell in the airway through the glucocorticoid receptor. The steroid receptor within the nucleus promotes the transcription of genes that decrease inflammation and stops the gene that encodes protein that increases inflammation. Examples of corticosteroids are qvar, pulmicort, symbicort, and advair. The benefits to using corticosteroids are to decrease asthma symptoms, decrease airway hyperresponsiveness, and fewer exacerbations (Sobande & Kercsmar, 2008). Bronchodilators are used to relax contractions of smooth muscle of the bronchioles and improve ventilation. These drugs work on the B-2 receptors in the cells of the airway and cause the smooth muscles to relax, making it easier to breath. There are short-acting bronchodilators such as albuterol and xopenex. Long-acting bronchodilators include advair and symbicort (Ohar & Donohue, 2010). Bronchodilators are used in conjunction with steroids to decrease inflammation and to relax smooth muscle; thus making it breathes better. Leukotrienes are a new class of medication that is used to treat asthma over the last two decades. Leukotrienes

The focus towards the research paper is due to severity and prevalence of the condition. The allergic rhinitis is a condition manifested by IGE and occurs through pain in the upper and the lower respiratory tracks (Casale et al., 2011). The rationale for identification of this research is the aspect of the prevalence of the allergic rhinitis as a chronic and this necessity the identification of the right interventions and medical therapies for the patient with the condition. The chronic condition of the allergic rhinitis leads to a patient being sensitive when exposed to a common allergen and this leads to irritation of the body. This leads to interventions such as intranasal corticosteroid and oral histamine interventions (Casale et al.,

Did you know the number of people who has asthma has been increasing throughout the years? According to the American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology website, back in 2001 about 20 million people in the US population had asthma but in the year 2009 it had increased by 1%. The percentage may not look as high but since 2001, about 25 million of the US population have been diagnosed with asthma. Not only that, the morbidity rate increases every year due to the expenses of asthma treatment and other factors. To improve on your asthma, we must find ways to manage and keep your asthma under control through any possible methods. If you or your loved ones have asthma it is good to be informed and provided with more information about

The patients treated according to measures of bronchial hyperactivity received higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids, but had significantly fewer episodes of asthma exacerbation.

According to Burns et al. (2013, p. 585), an oral H1 antihistamines and/or an intranasal steroid is the first line of treatment. Antihistamines such as cetirizine and loratadine are less sedating and help treat rhinorrhea, sneezing, and pruritus of eyes and nose (Edmunds & Mayhew, 2014, p. 198-200). These medications can be given to children two and older. Often times, they are prescribed one or two weeks before seasonal allergies occur to help prevent symptoms from transpiring. Antihistamines also come in a spray. Intranasal steroids are commonly used in a long-term therapy because it helps decrease inflammation, edema, and mucus production (Burns et al., 2013, p. 586). It is important to teach the patient not to tilt head back when using nasal spray, they should look at their toes when administering the spray. According to DeShazo and Kemp (2016), the glucocorticoid nasal sprays are the most effective single pharmacologic therapy for treating AR in patients with persistent or moderate to severe symptoms. Decongestants may also be utilized in children four and older, but they have a limited term effect due to side effects. Topical decongestants must be used with caution because of systemic absorption and rebound rhinorrhea. There are two other medications that may be used with seasonal and perennial AR. Cromolyn can be used in children two years and older, but it is not

Nasal sprays are to be use with the addition to other allergy medications. The spray is suppose to work as a decongestant in order to relieve and prevent sinus pressure.

This therapy further uses parasympathetic pathway and sympathetic pathway to stimulate anti-inflammatory effects. This effects are useful and of relevance to allergic rhinitis sufferers (5).

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In conclusion, not only should irritant-induced asthma be cured, but also it should be controlled and decreased thorough the world. The prevalence of irritant-induced asthma is almost great in the world and it is continuing to grow. As well as this, the type of irritants and their concentration are crucial and essential to be known. Moreover, identifying the exact mechanism IIA and its related factors as well as its epidemiology requires further investigations, especially with large populations. More research is extremely necessary in order to discover efficient prevention methods as well as improving the diagnostic method of the IIA. In addition, More investigations are essential to find an efficient and effective treatment for IIA as well