Allusions In Hamlet

The purpose of this report is to compare and contrast two movies made about Hamlet. I will present and discuss different aspects of the version directed by Kenneth Branagh to that of Franco Zefirelli. During this paper you will be presented with my opinions in reference to determining which version of Hamlet best reflects the original text by Shakespeare. I will end this paper with my belief and explanation of which movie is true to the original play.

There are hundreds of literary devices that are constantly used in books, magazines, articles, etc. Now within books, there are endless ways to insert as many devices as the author pleases. The most common literary devices used in Hamlet are: metaphors, similes, and anaphoras. These literary devices are used to emphasize emotions, help its’ audience interpret, and correlate events that happen in Hamlet.

To play one of Shakespeare’s most complex roles successfully on stage or on screen has been the aspiration of many actors. William Shakespeare’s Hamlet has been the focus on various accounts throughout the 20th Century, each actor attempting to bring something unique and unmarked to the focal character. Franco Zeffirelli and Kenneth Branagh, both film directors, introduce varying levels of success on the screen through downright differences in ways of translation and original ideas. Zeffirelli’s much shorter interpretation of the film is able to convey the importance of Hamlet as a masterwork by using modern approaches to film but still capturing the traditional work behind Shakespeare’s well-known play.

The props and costumes the Kenneth Branagh version used are very modern and unique while the Mel Gibson version of Hamlet costumes are more old and traditional. In the Kenneth Branagh version the costumes are very elegant while the costumes worn in the Mel Gibson version is seen more as rags. For instance, Ophelia is seen wearing old rags covering her when she acts insane in Act 4 Scene 5. In the Kenneth Branagh’s film the director uses flashbacks as a way to illustrate scenes like the scene where Gertrude explains Ophelia drowning in the river. Camera techniques in the Kenneth Branagh version of Hamlet were creative as the camera slowly pulls back in Act 4 Scene 4 of Hamlet’s soliloquy. However in the Kenneth Branagh version the scenery and props adapt more to the Shakespeare’s play Hamlet.

Iterative use of vivid and detailed imagery in a piece of literature is often a way of expressing a theme or concept in a literary work. This is the case in William Shakespeare"'"s Hamlet, a revenge tragedy that continually depicts the vibrant metaphors of manifesting corruption and festering disease in order to auger the impending calamities in the state of Denmark. Throughout Shakespeare"'"s play, there are successive images of deterioration, decay and death. These images are skilfully accomplished through the use of metaphors of rotting and dead gardens. Shakespeare wonderfully creates these metaphors that add great dimension to the play of Hamlet.

The play Hamlet by William Shakespeare is about a king that was murdered by his brother and the main character Hamlet, who is the prince and also the king’s son was told by the ghost of his father to avenge his murder. In the play Hamlet, there are many differences compared to the movie “Hamlet 2000” directed by Michael Almereyda. The reason to these differences is to show a modern setting in the movie “Hamlet 2000”, to show the audience a better understanding of the characters, and the difference in the way the movie ends compared to the original play by Shakespeare.

The use of security cameras throughout the film really helps to capture a sense of corruption, and also foreshadows the fact that something bad will happen within the kingdom. The Tennant version also alters the time period in which the story takes place by having it set in modern day times. This can be seen through costume choice, scenery, armory, and dialog between characters. Using this helps viewers to better connect and understand the storyline, since characters are in a setting that is more current. Tennant portrays Hamlet as truly mad, angry, and vengeful. His timing and delivery of lines gives watchers an excellent insight into the manic characterization of Hamlet, that shakespeare intended on. Hamlet’s insanity can be seen through his many outburst, body language, and pauses. The emotional state of Hamlet is delivered with the use of mirrors and cinematic zooming. This provides dramatic and emotional effect, since it seems as though Hamlet is speaking directly to the audience while also looking into himself for answers. Shakespeare's vision for Hamlet is truly captured in this film through cinematic angling and intense acting.

The author’s thesis was, “Campbell focuses on the initiatory paradigms of universal myths and formulates the hero's rite of passage into three major stages: ‘separation [departure]—initiation [action]—return [reflection]’ (Campbell 30) (Khoury 1).”

Hamlet also compares himself to the demi god Hercules in Act 1 scene 2: "My father's brother- but no more like my father/ Than I to Hercules" (I, ii, 152-153). This mythological allusion is important because Hamlet is comparing himself to Hercules who is known as a strong warrior and earned a place on Mount Olympus with the gods. Hamlet is saying that his uncle is very much different than his father, like Hamlet is very much different than Hercules. Hercules is seen as a "superhero" of Greek mythology, which is a great difference of Hamlet because Hamlet is in no way seen as a "superhero" or someone to look up to. Hamlet

Over the course of the past fifty years there have been many cinematic productions of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, some of which remain true to the text while others take greater liberties with the original format. Director Kenneth Branagh’s 1996 production of Hamlet was true to Shakespeare’s work in that the film’s dialogue was delivered word or word as it is presented in the text. In contrast, Franco Zeffirelli conducted his 1990 production of Hamlet in a much more liberal direction in which lines, scenes and characters were omitted from the film. I argue that from the perspective of an individual with moderate knowledge in Shakespearian literature, that the best film versions of Hamlet are those that take the most liberties from the text. I

In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet there are many unanswered questions such as if Hamlet is really mad or if it is just an act. There are many film adaptations which use their movie elements in order to hint towards the answer of these questions. In Gregory Doran’s film interpretation Hamlet starring David Tennant, David Tennant truly shows the raw emotions of Hamlet. He shows how Hamlet feels through his movements and facial expressions. These little things allow the viewer to see the true meaning and intention behind Hamlet’s words.

When transforming any type of literary work into film there are certain areas that have to be manipulated in order to fit into the mold of a film. The play Hamlet, by Shakespeare, is no exception. As Hamlet is Shakespeare’s longest play, made up of more than 4,000 lines, there is no other choice than to have it cut down to fit into the standard parameters of a film. Along with the play being subject to being cut down, certain liberties are given to a director to adapt the work in a way to make it more unique. Almereyda made Hamlet much more modern in relation to scenery and character representations. Many of the

Allusions can be found in nearly every work of literature and art due to the influence they have in creating a universal understanding. Biblical and mythological references are the most common allusions because they are regarded as primary sources for the basis of human reason. William Shakespeare alludes to both religion and mythology in Hamlet in order to emphasize the importance and failure of religion and to reveal the nature and psychological complexes of characters.

The director chose to put into different context allowing it to be more understandable to its modern audience but still containing components true to the original play. Seen through Hamlet’s paranoia of being watched in the play which is obvious in the film through his constant installing of video cameras and listening devices, motifs for a modern version of Hamlet’s growing madness.

Hamlet is a well-known Shakespeare play that has many different moods and actions that take place. When bringing this play to life, there are many subtle things that must be planned perfectly to give the perfect effect along with many noticeable things that will enhance the overall experience of the audience. The director also has some freedom when it comes to some of the designs of the production with this play to make it stand out and not seem repetitive. With costumes, sounds, lights, set design, and makeup this production of Shakespeare’s Hamlet stands out among the rest.