Alphone Bertillon's System

Elbert Frank Cox was born December 5, 1895 in Evansville, Indiana He grew up with his parents, maternal grandmother and two brothers. Elbert F. Cox was born and raised in a college town in a racially mixed neighborhood, but at segregated schools. In fact, his father, a school principal, had graduated from Evansville College and had done graduate work at Indiana University. Raised in a close knit and religious family, Cox learned the importance of education and fostered a talent in mathematics. During his life, he overcame various difficulties which arose because of racism. When young Elbert demonstrated unusual ability in high school mathematics and physics, he was directed toward Indiana University. With all the separation and hardship and strife around him at the time it inspired him to strive for a better education. At high school Elbert showed talents which made his choice of career a difficult one. He was a talented violinist but also showed remarkable talents in mathematics and physics. Cox was awarded a music scholarship which would have enabled him to travel to Europe to study at the Prague Conservatory of Music. His love of mathematics won and he entered Indiana University.

The People of France in the last part of the 18th century were experiencing severe food shortages, increasing the cost of living, and political leaders who were doing very little to fix the state of chaos in which most people found themselves. In both rural and

Crime labs, lie detector test and fingerprinting are all very well known type of policing introduced by the Berkeley Police Department under August Vollmer. Vollmer’s enthusiasm for scientific lie detection was a natural outcome of his stand against the third degree, and he never lost faith that new breakthroughs would eventually correct the inadequacies that plagued the use

John Andre was born on May 2, 1750 in London. He was the son of Huguenots. He attended the University of Geneva in Switzerland where he studied mathematics and military drawing. He also had a fondness for the arts and took up ballroom dancing and the flute. He was being groomed to take over his father’s business, but when his father passed away, John took his inheritance and moved. After a failed proposal to the

Finally his studies led him to France at the age of 21, where he studied under Paul Vidal for a short period of time and then under Mlle. Boulanger for three years. Before

The idea of using the science has been started before the debuting of Sherlock Holmes in 1887, who had introduced about the forensic science to help criminal investigation. In history, the work of forensic scientists was performed by medical personnel. Until the end of eighteenth century, the attempts of French medical jurist Antoine Louis, crime solving Chinese book “ Hsi Duan Yu”(the washing way of wrongs), etc gave ideas about determining time of death, analyzing blood stain, identifying chemical used in crime, etc. After eighteenth century, the modern chemistry paved new way of identifying crime like the idea of measuring height, length of right ear and outstretched

scientific law enforcement in his creation of a mass fingerprint file in 1926 and the

The next significant advancement in fingerprinting was achieved by an Englishman, Dr. Henry Faulds, who created a fingerprint classification method and suggested using printers’ ink to obtain quality fingerprints (The History of Fingerprints). Perhaps the most important advancement in fingerprinting came in 1892, when a British Anthropologist, Sir Francis Galton, published the book Fingerprints. For a while it had been thought that no two fingerprints were identical. However, Galton became the first to scientifically prove this, as well as the fact that fingerprints remain unchanged throughout a person’s life (The History of Fingerprints). It was these two facts that made fingerprinting the preferred method of identification.

A thirst for knowledge can lead to many great achievements in life and provide a tremendous understanding of a subject that was unfamiliar or ambiguous to most people, which benefits society. The more that people understand and study a subject, the subject becomes more simple and straightforward. When people strive for information, people are now able to stop and keep atrocious behaviors at bay. In the non-fiction book, “The Killer of Little Shepard,” written by Douglas Star is an engaging book about the development of forensic science that lead to the birth of modern forensics. The author gives great details on how the formation towards modern forensics while telling the story of a serial killer- Joseph Vacher- in late 19th century France;

Alphonse Bertillon devised a system simply called, The Bertillon System. This was a first attempt at criminal identification and was thought to be reliable and accurate. Bertillon developed an anthropometric system of physical measurements of body parts, especially components of the head and face. This system was used primarily to determine if a person in custody had committed a previous crime. Archives of these records began to be compiled. A form of this system is still used today, but we now call them “mugshots”. (Bertillon System of Criminal Identification, 2011). Although mugshots are still used today, anthropometry was

A segment of the Forensic Science in the Criminal equity organization that the vast majority acquainted with these days, however, few individuals know how this particular science came to be. Overall, legal science is intended to utilize experimental standards to clarify obscure parts of a wrongdoing. Through the utilization of uncommon tests and lab gear that permits researchers to recognize decisively different parts of a bit of confirmation in an illegal behavior. On the off chance that you occupied with finding out about how this procedure came to fruition, you have to peruse the recorded data underneath. Here is a brief history

For example, in 1910, a prisoner’s ear was linked with an ear print at a crime scene due to an obvious peculiarity of the ear, and the prisoner was convicted of the crime. In order to identify a suspect with an ear print, three to five prints of both ears must be taken. Dr. Cor van der Lugt explains that in recording a print directly, “The first time the pressure applied has to be gentle, the second print has to be done with normal pressure and the third print is taken by applying much more pressure,” in case a gentle, medium, or heavy pressure print is not individually successful in capturing the entire ear print.

Cesare Lombroso, an Italian army doctor, is considered by many as the founder of the scientific school of criminology, drew physiological conclusions. Lombroso¡¦s infamous work, L¡¦Uomo Delinquents (1876), first developed the idea of the atavistic criminal. Atavism, a term originally used by Charles Darwin, suggests that in the process of human evolution some individuals can represent a genetic ¡¨throwback¡¨. Utilizing this idea, Lombroso debated that the criminal individual was born so. Physical indication of criminal potential could be identified through specific bodily characteristics, all of which suggested the bearer was a throwback from a more primitive age. These physical characteristics included abnormal teeth, extra nipples, extra or missing toes and fingers, large ears and an overly prominent jawbone. Later research however, found no support for Lombroso¡¦s ideas.

Alphonse Bertillon was the first to truly create the scientific method of criminal identification. Born in 1853, Bertillon was from Paris France and came from a family of scientific background. His father, Dr. Louis Adolphe Bertillon, was a distinguished physician, statistician, and the vice president of the Anthropological society of Paris. Bertillon’s grandfather was also a well known naturalist and mathematician. (Ashbaugh, 1999).

Jean-Paul Sartre was a renowned intellectual, writer and philosopher. He was born in Paris in 1905 the only child of a French Navy officer, Jean-Baptiste Sartre and Anne-Marie Schweitzer. At an early age his father died of a fever and shortly thereafter his mother moved in with her parents in Meudon, this was instrumental in Sartre’s journey to philosophy. Her father taught her son mathematics and classical literature. At the young age of twelve Sartre’s mother remarried and the family moved to La Rochelle where he was bullied by other children from the area. As a teenager in