INTRODUCTION
Alternate dispute resolution or ADR (commonly called in Australia) is a procedure by which parties in dispute can settle their differences with third parties or any outside source other than the courts. It is a collective effort by which all the parties can settle disputes with or without any outside sources like litigation procedures or courts. In simple words it can be said ADR is a procedure to settle disputes without resorting to the use of litigation or courts. These procedures are generally less costly affair than courts and litigations and are also much more expeditious. ADR is now extensively being used around the world to settle land disputes and commercial disputes.
Alternate dispute resolution can be carried out
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In the decade of 1980’s and 1990’s many people became concerned by the fact that legal procedures like litigation and court became too expensive for resolving disputes. They were also concerned about the fact that litigation and court matters became too time consuming and cumbersome for many lawsuits. This concern gave rise to finding alternative ways to settle disputes among parties rather than approaching courts or litigations and this gave rise to alternate dispute resolution (ADR).
Arbitration –
Arbitration is a type of alternate dispute resolution which is used to settle disputes outside of litigation courts. In simple words it can said arbitration is where all parties who are in dispute approach an arbitral tribunal or an arbitrator for settling their disputes. In countries like England and United States of America, arbitration is a very widely used technique in the cases of consumer and employment disputes and related matters. Parties who chose the path of Arbitration for settlement of their disputes should agree to abide by the decision which the arbitral tribunal comes up with. There can be a third party who reviews and imposes decisions which are legally binding and enforceable by the court and litigation. In arbitration only limited number of appeals and rights to review are available for the interested parties.
Arbitration can be voluntary or mandatory as well as it can be binding and non-binding as well. Non binding arbitration is very
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is an increasingly popular option that allows people to resolve disputes outside of court in a cooperative manner. ADR can be faster, cheaper and less stressful than going to court. [Most importantly, the use of ADR can provide greater satisfaction with the way disputes are resolved. ADR has been gradually evolving within the Fresno Superior Court for the past several years. In 1999 the Court recognized a need for greater public access to dispute resolution for cases and established an ADR Department. This
Negotiation, mediation, and arbitration are all forms of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) that are alternatives that organizations use to avoid litigation in court. According to Valenti Law, negotiation and mediation are forms of non-binding ADR, while arbitration is a binding ADR (2011). Since arbitration is a binding ADR, the arbitrator’s decisions are legally binding and cannot be challenged by either party in the arbitration. “There are limited grounds for challenging the decision” (Valenti Law, 2011).
Alternative dispute resolution is a highly effective instrument in resolving conflict and attaining justice for individuals in relation to resource efficiency and timeliness through utilising mediation, conciliation and arbitration. Mediation is an exceptionally efficacious informal process of dispute resolution, usually confidential and conducted with the assistance of an
Arbitration is the submission of a disputed matter to an impartial person (the arbitrator) for decision. Arbitration is typically an out-of-court method for resolving a dispute. The arbitrator controls the process, will listen to both sides and make a decision. Like a trial, only one side will prevail. Unlike a trial, appeal rights are limited.
Such methods include negotiation, and conciliation. A more recent form of ADR is collaborative law, used particularly in family law disputes. An ADR is usually an umbrella term for processes, other than judicial determination, in which an impartial person assists those in a dispute to resolve the issues between them. An ADR is a different way to resolve legal disputes other than going to court.
As litigation continues to be a time-wasting, costly, distracted, and unsatisfactory practice for dispute resolution, alternative dispute resolution increases in popularity, specifically, mediation and arbitration. Arbitration is a cost efficient substitute to litigation that is the yielding of a dispute to an impartial party in order to receive a final incumbent decision in the form of an award. Arbitration is sensitive, classified, and modeled to be a swift, and inexpensive solution to dispute. Participating parties may include additional terms in the agreement identifying arrangements to their agreements’ arbitration clauses to meet the requirements of their discrete dispute. In summation, arbitration is process that is private, speedy, cost efficient, and customized to the liking of the parties involved.
Alternative Dispute Resolutions (ADR) is any method of resolving disputes other than by litigation. Public courts may be asked to review the validity of ADR methods, but they will rarely overturn ADR decisions and awards if the disputing parties formed a valid contract to abide by them. The two major forms of ADR are arbitration and mediation; but we can also
Nevertheless, certain categories of ADR have been named and understood to involve the use of particular means and methods to produce the desired end result. These procedures include: negotiation, mediation, arbitration, med-arb, early neutral evaluation, settlement conference and conciliation to name a few. However this essay will concentrate on mediation as a form of alternative dispute resolution.
Another advantage to arbitration is that both parties can set their own terms. "Parties can develop their own ground rules" (Murray 2012). They can also come to an agreement on who will mediate the proceedings: participants "in the arbitration process parties decide jointly on the
Arbitration is legal technique used to resolve any disputes outside of the courts. Arbitration allows for speedy and cheap resolution of any disputes, the parties involved in a dispute agree to appoint a third person (arbitrator) who will hear their testimonies, and look into the evidence they provide. The arbitrator's decision cannot be challenged in a law court as it is considered final and the parties involved have to accept the decision (Brams & Merrill, 1986). There are only very limited circumstances where the decision of an arbitrator can be challenged, and this is mostly if there can be proof from one of the parties showing that the arbitrator was biased in their decision or ruling. The chosen arbitrator will be an experienced person in the area of the dispute.
Another feature of the alternative dispute resolution is its identification of equity among the litigating parties. Contrary to the application of laws in which provisions might not be favorable to either of the litigants, the ADR process is based on a mutual understanding and corporation of the parties on a leveled ground.
ADR which stands for alternative dispute resolution can be very effective and cheaper means of resolving disputes over litigation. Apparently not all situations will be advisable to apply ADR. A situation that I will employ ADR over litigation is a business circumstances that a supplier failed to meet up with his contract obligation. This supplier did not only delivery the products late, but also sent the wrong products. As a result, my company lost hundreds of thousands in cash benefit. Using ADR over litigation to settle this dispute will certainly pay off as both parties might come out victorious and continue with their business
ADR is useful in resolving virtually all genres of disputes by providing speedier, enforceable decisions through Arbitration, Mediation, Early Neutral Evaluation and other hybrid mechanisms. The presence of cost-effective and predictable ADR mechanisms capable of resolving complex disputes help to bolster the confidence of litigants within the country and therefore stimulates trade and investment both internationally and locally.
?The realisation, in the words of Lord Simon of Glaisdale, that litigation, while certainly preferable to personal violence is not in itself an intrinsically desirable activity, has encouraged the search for other methods of dispute resolution each of which has attracted it adherents and enthusiasts. One of the oldest and best established of these systems is that of arbitration.?[footnoteRef:1] [1: Galway City Council v Samuel Kingston Construction Ltd [2010] 3 IR 95. O?Donnell J]
With all of these acts and statutes being passed, it seemed as though arbitration was the way to go. But as more and more agreements to arbitrate future disputes were executed, other nonarbitral forms of alternative dispute resolution such as mediation and neutral fact-finding became common.