Alternative Electrode Materials: Batteries Essay

As the global population increases exponentially, having passed six billion in 1999, the world population is expected to be 8.9 billion by the year 2050. The worlds energy consumption will increase by an estimated 54 percent by 2025. Energy demand in the industrialized world is projected to grow 1.2 percent per year. Energy is a critical component of sustained economic growth and improved standards of living. One of the major requirements for sustaining human progress is an adequate source of energy. As the world’s technological enhancements and standards of living improve, so too does their appetite for electricity.

Every year it is estimated that 1.8 million batteries are not properly disposed of. When this happens, it poses a major threat to the ecosystem. Heavy metals used in batteries are toxic to humans and they can leach into our water system. Lead and nickel-cadmium (Nd-CD) can only enter the human body by inhalation or ingestion, but mercury can even be absorbed through the skin. Federal and state laws and regulations have been implemented and enforced to ensure heavy metal batteries are properly disposed of and recycled.

The graph shown above compares the different classes of lithium ion batteries that are available today in terms of their specific capacities. The Nickel Cobalt Aluminium combination is by far the most productive lithium ion battery till date. The Lithium Cobalt Oxide battery and the Nickel Manganese Cobalt battery also have a decent amount of energy capacity. The graph also seems to reveal that research on batteries have come a long way from the conventional lead acid batteries.

In today’s technological world people are often tethered to the walls by their jumbles of charging cords, but those days may soon be coming to an end. Advances in recent technology have made it possible to construct a longer lasting power source. In the article “Better Batteries charge forward”, Susan Gaidos explains how building a better battery could have the power to “jolt people to the future”.

While lithium batteries are not specifically included or exempted in the hazardous waste regulations, these batteries have some characteristics of toxic hazardous wastes. The reason for the uncertainty regarding the toxic characteristics of lithium batteries is because they can be effectively disposed as non-hazardous waste by discharging them fully. When completely charged or partially discharged, lithium batteries can be regarded as reactive hazardous waste due to the considerable amounts of un-reacted lithium in the battery ("Product Sheet", 2007).

A lot of information from different sources was gathered with the purpose of comparing different Li-ion batteries mechanisms, cathode and anode materials, structure and fabrication procedures, and their respective advantages and disadvantages.

Lithium is utilized as a part of delivering glass and pottery, yet most understood for batteries.

Researchers are charged up about biobatteries, contrivances able to harness prevalent biological processes to engender electricity. Most biobatteries are unable to engender sizably voluminous amounts of potency, but researchers recently developed a prototype version that has the potential to be lighter and more potent than the batteries typically found in today's portable electronic contrivances, including smartphones.

The topic of this paper is making energy out of money. This experiment investigates how many/cents are useful to make energy. The question that is being studied in this experiment is that how many layers of cents make a more powerful battery. The topic of the experiment is A battery that makes cents. A battery that makes cents is an energy reaction that happens between cents. Will more layers of cents make a more or less powerfull battery?

The lithium-ion battery was created back in 1980 by a man named John Bannister Goodenough. John is a world renowned scientist and has earned many huge awards that most scientist dream to get. Dr. Goodenough created this battery

As was reflected upon under the chemistry subtitle, the batteries have been designed, and retain their designs, to specifically fit their uses. Though the size of the lead acid batteries does not allow for the powering of small portable devices such as watches,

More recently, in 1980, an American physicist Professor John Goodenough invented the lithium battery. As lithium is one of the lightest elements on the period table and being its electrochemical potential is extremely high, the combination produces some of the highest possible voltages in the most compact and lightest volumes (Alarco 2015). There is an unfortunate decent balance between advantages and disadvantage for lithium batteries. An advantage is that its low maintenance, therefore the batteries don’t exhibit a phenomenon known as the “Memory Effect”, of which in short is now used as a general term for anything that makes a battery not deliver at its full capacity. A disadvantage of lithium batteries is the cost. Money is

Nickel cadmium battery ,fairly recently developed ,is a portable rechargeable cell and its cell voltage is fairly constant. Like a dry cell ,it can be packed in a sealed container. It can be left for long periods of time without any appreciable deterioration ,since no gases are produced during discharging .Nickel cadmium battery(Ni-Cd) consists of a cadmium anode and a cathode composed of a paste of NiO(OH)(s).

Since the 18650 cell is the fundamental building block of the battery pack, it is important that it

More efficient and durable batteries are needed to satisfy the requirements of new technology developments.