Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites For Optimum Mechanical Properties

However, the absence of plastic deformation does not mean that composites are brittle materials like monolithic ceramics. The heterogeneous nature of composites result in complex failure mechanisms which impart toughness. Fiber-reinforced materials have been found to produce durable, reliable structural components in countless applications. The unique characteristic of composite materials, especially anisotropy, require the use of special design

Aluminium (AL) alloy 6061 is one of the most extensively used of the 6000 series aluminium alloys. Among the various useful aluminium alloys, aluminium alloy 6061 is typically characterized by properties such as fluidity, cast ability, corrosion resistance and high strength-weight ratio. Aluminium-based alloy MMCs has received increasing attention in recent decades as engineering applications. This alloy has been commonly used as a base metal for MMCs reinforced with a variety of fibres, particles and whiskers. Tungsten carbide (WC) is approximately two times stiffer than steel, with a Young's modulus of approximately 550GPa, and is much denser than steel or titanium.

Composite materials have been evaluated with a matrix properties unsaturated polyester resin by conducting mechanical testing, including the pressure, compression, hardness and impact resistance.. While wood flour helped add to the balance between the original compression strength reductions up to 3 wt. wood flour and then reduce the strength. The results confirmed that the best promote and 3% by weight of wood flour consider the compression strength

The automotive industry’s use of structural composite materials began in the 1950s. Since those early days, it has been demonstrated that composites are lightweight, fatigue resistant and easily molded to shape. In other words, composite structures are seemingly attractive alternative to metals. Not only are composites used in the field of automotive but in all other fields such as aerospace, construction industry, and the entertainment industry.

Composite materials are the engineering materials made from two or more constituent materials they remain separate and distinct on a macroscopic level but forming a single component or Composites can defined as materials that consist of two more chemically and physically different phases separated by a distinct interface(matrix phase and dispersed phase). The different systems are combined judiciously to achieve a component with more and more useful structural or functional properties non-attainable by any of the constituent alone. In the composites usually Matrix phase is the primary or base phase having a continuous character or continuous molecular chain. But these Matrixes are usually less hard and more ductile phase. In composites it holds the dispersed (reinforcing) phase, shares a load with it. The Dispersed phase is encapsulated in the matrix in a discontinuous form called a secondary phase. This Secondary phase is usually stronger than that of the matrix phase, so is also called as reinforcing phase.

All strands utilized as a part of polymer building composites can be isolated into two classes, to be specific synthetic and natural fibers. Synthetic fibers are the most widely recognized. Albeit there are numerous sorts of engineered filaments, glass, carbon and aramid strands speak to the most essential. Kevlar is a sweet-smelling polyamide or aramid fiber presented in mid 1970s by DuPont. It was the first natural fiber with adequate elasticity and modulus to be utilized as a part of cutting edge composites (Dupont.com, 2015). It has to take five times the rigidity of steel with a relating tractable modulus. Initially grew as a swap for steel in spiral tires, Kevlar is currently utilized as a part of an extensive variety of uses. It is an exchange name of aramid fiber. The U.S. Government Trade Commission gives a decent meaning of an aramid fiber as a fiber in which the framing substance is a long chain manufactured polyamide in which no less than 85% of the amide linkages are joined straightforwardly to two sweet-smelling rings (Hancox, 1993).

(Mrazova, 2013) In the aviation industry today, composites have replaced previously used materials such as titanium and aluminum in the manufacturing of wings, skins, primary load-bearing structures, and fuselages.

There are many different forms of steel alloys used today. They are tailored during their processing phases to meet the wide array of engineering applications. Steel alloy in its simplest form is a basic mixture of Iron and Carbon and by varying the carbon content, the rate of cooling and the addition of impurities like Chromium for high corrosion resistance, we are able to derive alloys of different mechanical properties such as stainless steel and tool steels as these 3 factors affect the microstructure of the steel. This can be understood by the simple phase diagram of Iron and Carbon in Figure 1.1.

However, modeling of ceramic matrix composites could be much more complex due to the unique feature of this type of material: 1) the fracture and brittle behavior of materials; and b) the nonuniform distribution of porosity in the ceramic matrix. CMCs are comprised of individual layers with unique material properties dependent on fiber orientation within the polymer matrix which is typically in a woven pattern. Therefore, CMCs often exhibit anisotropic or orthotropic properties, and have lower strains and higher degrees of fragmentations than metallic materials during machining. The unique features of CMCs make simulations more challenging due to the complex nature of the problem considering material nonlinear fracture, anisotropic or orthotropic property and multi-phase interaction apart from dynamic loading and plastic deformation in machining of metals.

The objectives are to understand how aircraft structures are changing from metal to composite parts. This is caused by latest technology and new requirements from aircraft users. With new capabilities in materials, composites in aircraft structures remain still in the beginning stages however over time composite structure will be developed for additional purposes.

The major step of composite in automotive business is extension of use in to truly structural application such as primary body structure and to chassis and suspension system. These are the area which has to sustain all major road load

Composite materials are highly resistant to chemicals and do not corrode easily. (Ingenia, n.d.) Hence, reducing the amount of chemicals needed to prevent corrosion. (Airbus, n.d.) Airliners used to face fatigue crack and corrosion with the traditional aluminium floor beams. However, when the Boeing 777 was designed with composite floor beams, not a single floor beam has been replaced till date after flying for more than 10 years. (Boeing, n.d.)

The most common advanced composites are polymer matrix composites consisting of a polymer reinforced by different types of fibers. Fiber reinforced polymer composites consist of strong and stiff fibers embedded in a matrix. Compared with traditional materials, they offer superior durability, light weight, and mechanical properties. Polymer composites are being increasingly used in various applications including aerospace, transportation, industrial and household applications. Like other materials, the selection and design of a polymer composite structure must take

Composition of fibres reinforced composite the fibres are important class of reinforcement, as they satisfy the desired conditions and transfer strength to the matrix constituent influencing and enhancing their properties as desire.

A major shortcoming of wind energy technology is the failure rate of composite blades is up to 20% due to bird/bat strike as shown in Figure 2. On the other hand, one major US Energy Company pleaded guilty to killing 14 eagles and 149 other birds due to their wind turbines ($1M fine, or $6,000/bird!). Therefore, we plan to employ “damage-trap material interface (DTMI) design” to reduce not only the impact damage of composite blades, but also the bird/bat death rate, since the maximum impact force acting on birds will decrease after special thin interface layers are placed between layered composites based on our preliminary impact experiments (impact speed up to 50 m/s). Our major goal is to significantly improve impact resistance and durability of composite structures for wind blades, Boeing 787, and BMW i3 or future composite aircraft, ships and cars. Meanwhile, we are developing an efficient approach to combine nanoindentation