Always On The Egg

Individuals’ mechanical systems for evaluating the world developed over the course of evolutionary history. Such mental operations provide tools for understanding the circumstances, assessing the important concepts, and heartening behavior without having to think or actually thinking at all. These automated preferences are called implicit attitudes.

Regardless of whether or not a person may know the facts behind a situation, predisposition trumps knowledge learned later on; just as instinct trumps what has been taught. It is human nature to believe in what one thinks is correct, even if there are facts that prove otherwise and one will go to the necessary lengths to prove themselves so. In Kolbert’s article, Why Facts Don’t Change Our Minds, various studies are put into use to explain this theory.

Haruki Murakami was born in 1949 in Kyoto, a city in Japan. He lived his life in a time and place, where traditions had absolute influence on people and were very highly valued. This inspired him when he was writing his stories. For influence, he had to read Western literature. In his works, Haruki Murakami shows that he supports the idea of more freedom against traditions, but still presents the risks of choosing not to follow them.

In David Armstrong’s thought-provoking work titled, The Nature of Mind, he explains that the most convincing way to make sense of the mind-body problem is to approach it in a materialistic way. Specifically, Armstrong shows that the science of physico-chemical processes of the brain is the best way to explain the nature of our mind. He goes on to explain traditional and dispositional behaviorism, and states his own materialistic take on behaviorism. His arguments throughout his paper are very logical, and though there have been arguments against his explanations, he effectively justifies the materialistic view of the mind.

Lastly, the fact that all actions have consequences is shown when Eckels accidentally stood on the butterfly. Ray Bradbury showed

Almost all writing is political. It can even come in the form of everyday situations

A writer should use politics to help and explain the work, and not revolve the work around the politics. (Foster 116). The novel uses politics as an explanatory mechanism to convey the actual societal problems in the world while using it in the hospital. But political writing can be entertaining when writing about human problems: social and political. (Foster

Psychology is the scientific “study of the mind” (Gross, 2015) and behaviour, which includes the study of humans and animals. There are various approaches in modern psychology. A theoretical approach is a perspective which is someone’s view about human behaviour, there can be many different theories within an approach, however they all piece together the same assumptions. (McLeod, 2007). A theory is an attempt by theorists to try to explain behaviour. Theories are not facts but can be verified by testing. Theories can then be evaluated which I aim to achieve through this essay, where I will briefly explain the theoretical approaches in psychology and aim to focus on an analysis of each perspective which consists of the psychodynamic,

Psychology, due to its complexity can be approached in a variety of ways. To help us understand the human mind, behaviourist and psychodynamic approaches have helped us understand the alternative outlooks in the science of mind and behaviour. Both approaches can be examined by the means of theoretical assumptions and methodology.

Psychology is the scientific “study of the mind” (Gross, 2015) and behavior, which includes the study of humans and animals. There are various approaches in modern psychology. A theoretical approach is a perspective (view) about human behavior, there may be several different theories within an approach, but they all share these common assumptions and principles. (McLeod, 2007). A theory is an attempt by theorists to try to explain behavior. Theories are not facts but can be verified by testing. Theories can then be evaluated which I aim to do through this essay, where I will briefly explain the theoretical approaches in psychology and aim to focus on an analysis for each perspective which consist of the psychodynamic, humanist, cognitive and behavioral approaches where I will analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each approach separately.

The Cognitive Perspective: This is a way to explain how an individual’s thoughts and explanations have a profound effect on their actions feelings

Sometimes I wouldn't even consider my ideas, but go strait to what I thought everyone would want me to do. George Orwell had a similar experience, which he expressed in "Shooting an Elephant". He said, "And suddenly I realized that I should have to shoot the elephant after all. The people expected it of me and I had got to do it; I could feel their two thousand wills pressing me forward, irresistibly." (Paragraph 7, lines 6-8) These thoughts of submission went through Orwell's mind as he faced his predicament, similar to the decisions I had to make but didn't.

The book starts by clarifying the two fundamental modes of thought: ‘system-1 (the fast thinking system) and ‘system-2’ (the slow thinking system). System-1 is fast, automatic, effortless, and intuitive. And it cannot be turned-off. While, system-2 is slow, effortful and lazy. But in all, system-2 is a very supportive system.

“Cognitive theory is focused on the individual's thoughts as the determinate of his or her emotions and behaviors and therefore personality. Many cognitive theorists believe that without these thought processes, we could have no emotions and no behavior and would therefore not function. In other words, thoughts always come before any feeling and before any action.” ("Cognitive theory in," 2004)

Ryle argues that, according to the traditional theory of the mind, mental acts are regarded as causing and