Alzheimer 's Disease, Autism Spectrum Disorders ( Asd ), And Schizophrenia Impact Behavior And Cognitive Processes

Autism spectrum disorders are a class of developmental disorders that impair social skills, behavior, and communication (Center for Disease Control). ASDs are considered ‘spectrum’ disorders because each patient has a unique experience in the nature and severity of their symptoms (Center for Disease Control). Under the umbrella of ASDs, there are three types of disorders, including Autistic disorder, Asperger Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (Center for Disease Control). Autistic disorder is the most severe of the three, and patients exhibit significant problems with language, communication, and behavior (Center for Disease Control). Furthermore, people with Autistic disorder often have some intellectual impairment (Center for Disease Control). Asperger Syndrome is a milder form of autistic disorder where patients have some developmental delays, but their language and intellect are not affected (Center for Disease Control). The mildest of the ASDs is the pervasive developmental disorder. These patients usually don’t meet all of the criteria for autistic disorder, but do show some signs of social and communication problems (Center for Disease Control). The number of children diagnosed with ASD is growing, and currently 1 in 88 children fall somewhere on the spectrum (Mari-Bauset et al., 2013). Boys are four times more likely than girls to have autism, and while the exact cause of these disorders is unknown, both genetic and

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has ended up being a capable model for the investigation of maturing science. Strikingly, C. elegans tissues fall apart at various rates in maturing grown-ups, with specific highlights of age-related decrease strikingly reminiscent of those in higher life forms. Here they report two striking highlights of the maturing C. elegans sensory system—auxiliary regrowth and synaptic weakening. Morphological changes that happen amid maturing are neuron-particular and incorporate new dendrite outgrowth from forms or somata, with mitochondria regularly arranged at the branch point for the new neurite. Since morphological expanding or growing and synaptic decrease without cell passing exemplifies maturing human mind, enter factors in age-related neuronal decay might be preserved crosswise over phyla.

According to the 2014 estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1 in 68 children have been identified as having an autism spectrum disorder (ASD); a rate that has been steadily growing over the past 20 years (National Autism Association, 2015). Increases in reported frequencies for ASD are most likely due to a combination of factors including broader diagnostic criteria and increased awareness as well as a true increase in the number of people with ASD (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Autism it self does not effect life expectancy and, in general, people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) can expect to live as long as the non-cognitively impaired population (National Autism Association,

Neurodegenerative diseases continue to affect the lives of millions Americans each year, with incidence and prevalence rates ever increasing. These diseases cause degeneration or death of nerve cells in the brain. These diseases can cause a financial and emotional burden on not only patients themselves, but also family members and care givers as well. Molecular mechanisms that underlie these diseases have remained relatively unclear, despite much research. Understanding the mechanisms of these diseases are facilitated by utilizing model organisms to study pathways involved in neurodegenerative diseases. One such model organism is the Caenorhabditis elegans nematode. The C. elegans roundworm has displayed usefulness as a template to study neurodegenerative diseases in humans, including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease.

Strikingly, C. eleganstissues fall apart at various rates in maturing grown-ups, with specific highlights of age-related decrease strikingly reminiscent of those in higher life forms. Here we report two striking highlights of the maturing C. elegans sensory system—auxiliary regrowth and synaptic weakening. Morphological changes that happen amid maturing are neuron-particular and incorporate new dendrite outgrowth from forms or somata, with mitochondria regularly arranged at the branch point for the new neurite. Since morphological expanding/growing and synaptic decrease without cell passing exemplifies maturing human mind, enter factors in age-related neuronal decay might be preserved crosswise over phyla.

Autism is a lifelong, developmental disability that affects how a person communicates with and relates to other people, and how they experience the world around them. It is also a complex neurobehavioral condition that includes impairments in developmental language and social interaction and communication skills usually combined with rigid, repetitive behaviors.

Autism is known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) this is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by reduced social interaction, verbal, and non-verbal communication and restricted and repetitive behavior. (Langone, 2002, p. 3). ASD can also be linked with many other symptoms such as intellectual disability, difficulties in motor coordination, attention, and physical health issues. Sleep and gastrointestinal disturbances, are known as the physical health issues (Langone, 2002, p. 4). Autism appears to develop and show signs in the early stages of the brain development, specifically between the ages of 2 and 3 years old.

According to Peterson, Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication, repetitive behaviors, and stereotyped interests and activities (as cited in Leifer, 2015, p. 748). However, symptoms and their severity vary greatly in each child. There are three types that have been identified: Classic autism, Asperger syndrome, and Pervasive developmental disorders. The cause of autism is unknown. According to Lockwood (2013), Childhood Autism Risk from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) studied preschool children with autism and has shown the roles of prenatal vitamins in early pregnancy. There is the possibility that ASD might be prevented with the

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that affects a child’s communication, behavior, and emotional understanding. It has been described as primarily being a social disability (Laushey et at.,2009). Due to their inability to perceive others emotions, ASD children feel alienated. Consequently, this will result in ASD children having ongoing social problems caused by to their helplessness to interact with others. Since children with ASD are delayed in development, they face many challenges; however, the most severe one is the lack of social relationships. A social relationship is something shared with another person; it is formed when you share common interest, have give and take conversations on that interest, experience the rise or downfall with a friend, being there when a friend is in need. These sensitive moments are when relationships are formed. ASD children have a difficulty seeing things from a different perspective, they cannot analyze people’s emotions, and consequently, it is hard for them to understand another person’s actions when trying to accomplish a particular goal. ASD has become more prevalent each year, however, the cause and treatment are still unknown. Even though children with ASD have a social disability, they also face challenges because they cannot learn from parents or peers, they are incapable of reading others emotional cues and are not able to cope with others emotional regulation. There is a separation when it

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a psychological brain disorder, which expresses the manifestations in the form of abnormal mental functions and disturbed behavior. It affects about 1% of the adult population among different ethnic groups (Bromet and Fennig, 1999). Mainly begins at the age of mid second through the third decade of a person’s life (A Lewis et al., 2000). Schizophrenia patients have complex clinical features that comprises positive symptoms (e.g. hallucinations, delusions, disordered thoughts and speech), negative symptoms (e.g. inappropriate emotions and depression) and cognitive symptoms (e.g. deficits in attention and working memory and learning disabilities) (Otte et al., 2009). Patients with the symptoms anxiety and depression may

There is a wide variety of symptoms that have been associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD, the name adopted in 2013) including, repetitive movements, emotional difficulties, sensory problems, etc. The exact cause of these symptoms is a widely debated topic. In this paper, I will discuss the overall prevalent causes for Autism as well as the different variations and subgroups. People are familiar with other disorders such as Down syndrome or Trisomy 21. These types of disorders are discusses frequently because of the knowledge and commonality of them. However, not everybody is familiar with a disorder such as Autism. This is due to the uncertainty of the cause for Autism. The overall concept of Autism is simple, but the causes are widely disputed.

Imagine not picking up on social rules and cues, even as your peers are progressing rapidly. The way they act and speak to each other appears magical to you. Imagine having some days where you can hear but can’t understand what words are being said. Imagine being overwhelmed by every movement, noise, and smell one day, while craving that same stimulation the next day. Imagine having an extraordinary ability to see detail no one else can. Imagine finding divine pleasure in every little thing having to do with your favorite interests. What you’re imagining are just some of the experiences I live with day-to-day. I do have a disability but it also gives me unique abilities. Autism is a neurological and developmental disorder, affecting the entire brain structure and activity; though, I will mostly be discussing the physical consequences of this condition. The type of Autism I have is called Asperger’s Syndrome, but this is not my official diagnosis since the DSM now utilizes the umbrella-term Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism is another mental disorder that is developed in the beginning of childhood that minimize the child to engage in being social.This disorder limits the things they can do when they grow up. This situation impacts the living style and interaction with others on a daily basis. These two disorders are the most known disorders that children and young teens experience. Even those these disorders make it hard to live with the children still enjoy

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is one of the most researched child disorders. It affects every 1 in 100 people, affecting 4 times the amount of boys than it does girls. ASD can be detected in children as early as 18 months and is a lifelong condition affecting the social and communitive interactions in child’s life. Autism affects every person differently and to a different degree of severity. The symptoms of Autism present differently in each case and differ in development. The understanding of the disorder has come a long way and research has allowed better knowledge to be attained. Through the use of DSM-5, ADI-R ADOS there have been systems developed in order to help diagnose ASD, and therefore help manage the symptoms

Autism and schizophrenia are discrete neurodevelopmental disorderd that share various interpersonal and cognitive deficits. The symptoms of autism first show up during the early life while schizophrenic side effects do not regularly appear until adolesence at the most punctual. Efforts have been made to describe the pattern of cognitive function in both schizophrenia and autism disorder, and certain resemlances have become obvious, for example, deficits in conceptual reasoning and the more complex of memory and language. The current study gave a correlation of cognitive functioning between the two disorders. The autistic sample comprised of all well diagnosed individuals that have high functioning autism.Furthermore, the schizophrenic sample