Alzheimer's Disease Case Study

Wolff M, Alcaraz F, Marchand AR, Coutureau E. Functional heterogeneity of the limbic thalamus: From hippocampal to cortical functions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015;54:120-130.

This paper reviews the use of cognitive rehabilitation treatment of early stage of dementia Alzheimer’s type. The case study examines a 72 year old male patient diagnosed with early stage dementia of Alzheimer’s Type. This study used visual imagery, as well as cues and expanding rehearsal during the cognitive rehabilitation. The evaluation of cognitive rehabilitation treatment included the psychological, physiological, neurological assessments and self-reports. Results

Humans have a natural rhythm of 25 hours of sleep and wakefulness, in order to reset this the brain plays an important role with the suprachiasmatic nucleus which is a cluster of neurons in the medial hypothalamus of the brain. The SCN

Due to the USPS officials returning 2117 Atkins drive Huntsville, Alabama 35810’s mail to senders, Property Owner Timberlake, files this mail fraud complaint against the USPS and its officials.

— Elderly people suffering from Dementia and Alzheimer meet with a progressive cognitive decline making them experience hardship in performing their everyday conventional activities especially in their outdoor navigation as they tend to forget landmarks even in familiar environments due to gradual decline in their memory and thinking abilities. Hence, disorientation and wandering become common issue. Providing assistive guidance to the elderly people in their outdoor mobility has become a challenging task for caretakers and family members as most of the elders prefer to live independently. Thus, there arises a need for efficient solutions that can monitor the elderly people movements and notify the caretakers in the event of disorientation or wandering being detected.

We present the case of a male (JR) who initially presented with mild psychosis, memory problems, uncharacteristic apathy, persistent depressive state, and family reports of occasional agitation at the age of 69. The family had been overseeing homecare without medical supervision based on their own research and family history. A complete physical was performed and no major comorbid conditions were found. Laboratory tests revealed abnormally high total tau and ptau levels in the cerebral spinal fluid, low levels of β amyloid protein, and confirmed JR harbored the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 susceptibility genotype consistent with a maternal history of dementia. A baseline Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was then established, indicating JR had mild/moderate dementia and focal neurological signs. At the end of the first year the MMSE score declined by 5 points and extrapyramidal signs were evident, but during the second year an additional 8 MMSE points had been lost and JR had to be placed into a nursing facility. Due to the rapid progression of JR's dementia further testing was performed for signs of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, which was negative. During the third year, JR passed away and the post-mortem confirmed the presence of Alzheimer's disease and the absence of prion disease.

Many individuals in our society struggle from lack of sleep from various different problems. In order to understand the reason why this is a problem I examined the circadian clock and how Melatonin fits in the natural “day/night” cycle and affects human sleeping patterns. Various studies using individuals with either insomnia, stressed college students or a history of sleep disorders measured the initial sleep disturbance patterns. The researchers performed double blind studies with both placebo and Melatonin in order to determine whether an external source of Melatonin helped with sleeping patterns to follow

(Intellectual Development Disorder) Alzheimer’s Disease (G30.9) Mr. Jewell is currently using Risperdal 2mg HS for his mental health needs. He has a good sense of humor with a friendly approachable disposition and gets along well with other people. Mr. Jewell struggles with limitations due to his Dementia. He is not oriented to place or time and his short memory is due Alzheimer’s disease. Consumer continues to meet with his psychiatrist Dr. Capiro once weekly for one-on-one session to evaluate and determine if he is okay with hi current medication. Consumer was at his baseline this month, he was complaint with taking his medication and going for appointment.

A relatively large neocortex differentiates mammals from other most other animals (Amthor). The neocortex allows higher cognition, such as data processing, voluntary movement, and language (Lui et al. 18). Cognitive activities such as these are critical for human life and thus proper neocortex development is important. The development involves the formation of six horizontal neuronal layers, which all differ in function and connection. The differences between layers comes mainly from unique axon projections of the excitatory projection neurons located in each layer. Upper layers (L1 through L3) are involved in data processing and have inter-hemisphere projections. Lower Layers (L5-L6) are involved in voluntary motor function and have subcortical connections. Layer 4 tends to have

Dementia is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. It is the fifth leading cause of death for those age 65 and older. In 2014 an estimated 5.2 million Americans of all ages have Alzheimer’s disease. This estimation includes 5 million people age 65 and older and about 200,000 people under age 65 who have younger-onset Alzheimer’s. One in nine individuals age 65 and older have Alzheimer’s disease. Approximately one-third of people age 85 and older have Alzheimer’s disease. Of those with Alzheimer’s disease, the majority are age 75 or older. The number of new cases of Alzheimer’s increases dramatically with age. It was projected in in 2014, there will be about 59,000 new cases in the class of people age 65 to 74, 172,000 new cases

Age is known to be one of the contributing factors that seem to play a role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Human neurons are functioning cells of the nervous system that operate over an entire lifetime, yet the mechanisms that help preserve and protect against neurodegeneration during aging are unknown. There are fundamental questions as to why some individuals age with their cognitive functions relatively intact and others who decline and develop Alzheimer’s disease. Scientist have made it clear that neuronal cell numbers is preserved our neurocortex and hippocampus of the aging human brain and declining only in the setting stages of this type of disease. Robust stress-response mechanism (REST) is a repressor of embryonic development

At some point in our lives we have probably all known someone that had or has dementia. Dementia is a generalized term that refers to the progressive, irreversible decline in mental function. Dementia is a disease that not only affects the patient but also affects the patient’s loved ones. Caring for a loved one with dementia can be very difficult and heart breaking but there are lots of resources to help.

External features of the brain such as the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and brain stem were identified.

The CBFcorr network corresponding to the control group (control-CBFcorr network), Figures 2.A-2D, showed nine nodes with concurrent significant increases of Cnodal and SAnodal, five of them located in ventral medial prefrontal cortices and precunei (Table II). The right precuneus presented the greatest Cnodal increase. On the other hand, four nodes showed Cnodal

Justin Gardner Laboratory is interested in using a mixture of functional magnetic resonance imaging, computational modeling and analysis, and psychophysical measurements to connection human perception to cortical brain activity. By using these techniques, his lab is interested in studying how the human cortex neural activity creates our awareness of visual perception. In the paper “Encoding of graded changes in spatial specificity of prior cues in human visual cortex” the Gardner’s lab was interested to test quantitative links between cortical activity and behavioral performance. They found that that although parametrically increasing prior probability resulted in graded improvements in behavioral performance, responses in early visual cortex