Ambedkar Summary 3

 Gandhi was an influential figure in our society. He taught many people about equal rights, honouring

Gandhi was an Indian lawyer, politician, social activist and writer who would lead the independence movement of India to free the country of British rule (“Mahatma Gandhi,” 2017). He would prove that a single person could change the course of history and take on the entire British Empire. Gandhi’s principles of nonviolence and civil disobedience are attributed to his success in gaining independence for India. The act of passive resistance allowed Gandhi to generate more support for his movement for independence while making it difficult for the British to find reasons to arrest them. He argued that although violence could be more effective than peaceful

Throughout modern history, Britain’s exponential growth inevitably affected the future of many nations in the contemporary world- in particular, the culturally intertwined state of India. Even in the initial stages of colonisation, India was forcefully occupied by the British East India Company; however, it was not until 1858 that a dictatorship was officially announced and the nation was forced to regard England as 'the true homeland'. Amidst societal unease and a growing discontent with the British rulers by the poor peasants, India's emancipation seemed inevitable in order for the nation to truly progress. In effect, a revolutionary leader spawned; Mohandas Gandhi. His great philosophical mind held innovative ideas which were instrumental in the achievement of Indian Independence- with his thoughtful ideologies and beliefs paving the way for oppressed Indians to ultimately unite against British imperialism. Consequently, this resulted in the monumental Satyagraha campaign that triumphed successfully against the British authorities.

Mahatma Gandhi was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. He proposed a speech to all of his followers explaining what his resolution was to gain independence, without using violence. Mahatma Gandhi adopts a subtle and affirmative tone while revealing that non violence and the spreading of love is the way to approach this movement for independence. He also portrays his outline for the movement by appealing to the audience's emotions.

1. Intellectual is a Western concept with the recognition of distinct identity filled with both positive and negative connotations depending on how one perceives intellectuals. Sowell’s view of intellectuals is a negative view that mocks the occupation of intellectuals. According to Sowell,“intellectuals are people whose end products are intangible ideas, and they are usually judged by whether those ideas sound good to other intellectuals or resonate with the public” (Sowell). He compares the occupation of engineers to intellectuals where work is put in and produces an end product. However, unlike engineers, intellectuals are unaccountable for their ideas being wrong. Intelligentsia are the more educated segment of the population that include intellectuals, however, a distinction is made between intelligentsia and intellectuals. Sowell uses the distinction between scientist and intellectuals’ role in society to highlight the difference. Scientists and the role of science are different to intellectuals’ role because science predicts actual facts and tangible patterns. While intellectuals work with ideas that are out of bounds of facts. Intellectuals also include a spectrum within the community, and not solely left leaning.

Mahatma Gandhi is renowned all over the world for his nonviolent philosophies and impact upon civil rights. He was the primary leader of India’s move towards independence. Gandhi engineered a form of non-violent protest that would influence the world. He was born on 2nd October, 1869, in Porbandar, India. Gandhi studied law and advocated for the civil rights of Indians, and influenced many civil rights movements. Even after his death, Gandhi’s actions inspired future civil rights movements around the globe. He most notably impacted, civil rights movements in three regions of the world; South Africa, India and America.

Applebee, Arthur N. “Gandhi's - Civil Disobedience.” The Language of Literature, McDougal Littell, Evanston, IL, 2000, pp. 377–377.

Sudhir Vankatesh’s account of his experience with a local gang during his early graduate years at the University of Chicago greatly surprised me. The title immediately caught my attention mainly because gangs are something people consistently talk about, but never truly discuss what they do or how they act. The book follows this rogue sociologist’s journey for the greater part of a decade, alongside JT, the leader of one of the most powerful crack dealing gangs in Chicago. His odd friendship with this shockingly charismatic criminal create the basis for an ethically questionable story. Venkatesh takes this opportunity to study the gang and the projects (Robert Taylor Homes) and the relationship between the gangsters and the local tenants.

In 1931, a committee was formed to frame a schedule for listing out the depressed classes in India. At that time the freedom movement was also in full flow and various meetings and conferences with the British were in swing. So at the time of formation of this committee, the Second Round table conference in London was being conducted. At that conference, the crusader of the rights of depressed classes, more often called as untouchables, Dr. Ambedkar made a demand of separate electorates for the untouchables. He also demanded that the untouchables shall be called by the name of Protestant Hindus. He was vehemently opposed by Mahatma Gandhi because he believed that the people whom Dr. Ambedkar call untouchables are Harijans (the children of god).

Aroused by the massacre of Amritsar in 1919, Gandhi devoted his life to gaining India’s independence from Great Britain. As the dominant figure used his persuasive philosophy of non-violent confrontation, he inspired political activists with many persuasions throughout the world (Andrews 23). Not only was Mahatma Gandhi a great peacemaker, but also his work to achieve freedom and equality for all people was greatly acknowledged. Gandhi’s unconventional style of leadership gained him the love of a country and eventually enabled him to lead the independence movement in India.

Mahatma Gandhi enacted change by striving to end racial injustice. He did this to show that anyone of any race or religion should have equal rights. According to “Satyagraha: Gandhi’s Legacy”, it states, “Gandhi developed his philosophy of “Satyagraha,” or resistance through non-violent civil disobedience to defend his rights and the rights of all Indians and non-whites” (Studysync Editors). Gandhi himself had been faced with discrimination. However, instead of ignoring the situation, Gandhi took a stand and did what was right to ensure equality among all people. The Studysync Editors stay, “As had been the case in the southern United States, Indians and other non-white people were forced to ride at the back of trains, use separate facilities, and were treated as second-class citizens. Gandhi believed that this was wrong”. With his opinions in mind, Gandhi decided to get his beliefs out by starting non-violent protest. As the leader he was, he lead many protests that included: unfair taxes and oppressive discrimination, as well as alleviating poverty, helping in the women’s liberation movement, and ending caste discrimination. Studysync Editors wrote, “Gandhi's work inspired large-scale global change. Resistance to British involvement in South Africa and in India helped to inspire a movement of decolonization all over the world. Several political and spiritual leaders were inspired by Gandhi's work…”. Gandhi’s influence to the civilization was a huge turning point for those of the non-white race. By his assiduous act and hope of impact, Gandhi didn’t just catch the eye of the discriminated but also the attention of others. Mahatma Gandhi is remembered today as one of the most

Antonio Gramsci was a leading figure in Marxism in Europe in the first half of the 20th century his work has played a significant role in how Marxists and political sociologists interrupt the structures of capitalist society. Marxist thought prior to Gramsci focused on the inevitable contradictions of capitalism that would spell its destruction. As Marx famously stated the end of the first chapter of the communist manifesto :

We all live in a civil society in a country where we have equal rights and everyone gets the same kind treatment,sounds great right, and it is hard to imagine having all those privileges taken away. But the world wasn't all cheery and great less than 100 years ago the people of India and South Africa were discriminated and unjustly treated by people who were not even native to their region but another one more northern. It sounds dreadful because it was dreadful, but in hardships there are always motivating people like Mahatma Gandhi who liberated India from British rule by motivating a generation and many to come, to stand up for injustices in their life or the life of others.Furthermore, it is people like Nelson Mandela, who worked hard and got jailed for his belief of equal rights for all people no matter the color of their skin.Even if they both are inspirational and had to sacrifice greatly for their respective nation. One person will always come on top of the rest and that position was intended for Mahatma Gandhi.Therefore, you can infer this literary analysis will confirm the thesis that Mahatma Gandhi was the greater civil right activist. For the author for Eulogy For Mahatma Gandhi clearly states, “that man with divine fire, changed us also--and such as we are, we have been molded by him during these years; and out of that divine fire many of us also took a small spark…”, This doesn't make him just a civil rights activist but an inspiration to many people.

The researcher understood the specific theme chosen and was a bit au-fait with the topic, because she had a keen interest in Gandhi and all his work. In an age where violence is on the increase Gandhi’s message of non-violence is needed. It is the researchers hope that this IA will reach a wide cross section of people and will effect a change. Gandhi’s views on issues like untouchability are deeply dealt with. Never anywhere Gandhi’s views about untouchability were effectively heard. But, in this book they were dealt in detail with lots of arguments and convincing proofs of why untouchability is sin. Even his co-living with the untouchables and the resistance he faced for that is discussed. His views on religion, nationality, his movements like civil-disobedience, are also clearly shown. Even his opinions on many religions were discussed in deep; a striking

E.M. Forster’s classic novel “A Passage to India” tells the story of a young doctor, Dr. Aziz, and his interactions with the British citizens who are residing in India during the time of the British Raj. Throughout the novel, the reader gets many different viewpoints on the people and the culture of India during this point in history. The reader sees through the eyes of the Indian people primarily through the character of Dr. Aziz, and the perceptions of the British through the characters of Mr. Fielding, Adela Quested, and Mrs. Moore. Through the different characters, and their differing viewpoints, the reader can see that Forster was creating a work that expressed a criticism that he held of the behavior of the British towards their Indian subjects.