American Chestnut Research Paper

“The Condor’s Shadow,” written by David S. Wilcove, is a book about the conservation of wildlife in America. It describes multiple species that have been in danger of extinction, or gone extinct. The book goes into depth on how these animals came to the brink of extinction and why they couldn’t be saved or the measures taken to restore them. One of the major themes throughout the book was habitat destruction in forests and aquatic ecosystems alike. This led to the extinction of some species. When it comes to the destruction of forests it affects not only the animals but the trees as well. Many trees

Every forest has a story to tell. By looking closely at its habitants, that story can be interpreted. Much of this narrative is written in the trees: their age, their tolerance to shade, and the rate at which they grow are all characteristics that can imply a lot about their environment. Exploring these relationships and how they connect with each other can indicate the health and history of the land. Heiberg Forest, located in northern New York, was once used for agricultural purposes in the 1800-1900’s. (Nowak, Lecture Notes) Much of the land once used for farming was left to regrow back into a young forest. The life history of different tree species can be determined by examining the most common species in Heiberg.

Boxelder Maple trees depend on the dispersal of their samaras to reproduce. The samaras are the seeds of the tree that are shaped in such a way that the wing of the seed causing it to spin. The seed does not fall directly but instead twirls like a helicopter making it stay in the air longer. With the wind the seed can then me dispersed away from the parent tree to take rout and grow on its own. Not all seeds float away from the parent seed and take rout. Some end up falling to close to the parent tree not allowing them to survive due to not getting nutrients and sunlight. “Recent field studies have made progress in elucidating the mechanisms behind these patterns and the implications of these patterns for recruitment success”

Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), is a plant native to Europe, Eastern Australia, Asia and Northern Africa. Through history, this plant has been used as a medical herb for the treatment of dysentery, bleeding, wounds, ulcers and sores. The introduction of the Purple Loosestrife, through shipping, has caused disruption of waterflow and the crowding out of native species. Each individual Loosestrife plant can produce up to 2.7 millions seeds , this has helped it overtake native species, such as the cattail. Very costly and difficult to remove, Purple Loosestrife numbers show no sign of decreasing. The Water Chestnut (Trapa natans L.), is an aquatic plant species native to Europe. Introduced much like the Purple Loosestrife, the Water Chestnut is a plant that thrives in shallow depths of rivers and lakes, but can spread to deeper waters. Due to the coverage and over population of the Water Chestnuts, navigation, livable habitat and recreational activities are all affected by the plant. The beds of Water Chestnut also provide a perfect breeding ground for

In the 1900's, the Chinese chestnut introduced a blight that was fatal to the American chestnuts. Those grand old trees disappeared from our forests and landscapes. While everyone decried their loss, few believed anything would bring the tree back. Thank God for those few stubborn believers!

The Mexican Palm Tree and Coast Live Oak are both located in the Arroyo Seco Water Shed. The Mexican Palm Tree is a nonnative species of tree in competition with the Coast Live Oak which is native to this region. There are several ways to combat this problem, and two methods have been selected for consideration, thinning harvest and clearcut harvest. These two were selected because of their less harmful methods in an attempt to manage these two types of trees. As stated before, the more trees are have to fight for space, the more they have to compete for basic resources just to survive. Those basic resources are water, sunlight, and nutrients. If these two types of trees continue to fight for those resources, the Coast Live Oak will have

The reading passage presents three hypothesis to explain the decline in the yellow cedar trees in North America. However, the lecturer doesn’t agree with the author . She puts forward her points to defend her argument.

As the Premier of Ontario, I have finally made the decision about the forests of Temagami. By going through everybody’s needs and wants, I have decided that not the old growth pine forests but instead, the regular forest trees are the ones that are going to be cut down for Temagami’s economy. Since cutting down no trees is not an option, the best choice left is to let our old growth trees live. Old growth forests are home to more than half of the world’s red and white pine trees. Only a tiny fraction of these forests is left and if we keep on cutting them down, we are going to lose them all. Those trees are already suffering because of the wild weather conditions in that region. Also, this way, we can leave the regular forests for the loggers

Things change over time, and this is evident throughout Heiberg Memorial Forest. There are areas of the forest that are younger than others, some formerly clear-cut for agriculture, and others are older and less affected by humans. To compare the characteristics of different tree stands of varying ages, three spots were chosen and analyzed in Heiberg Forest.

The higher drop heights for black walnut on asphalt will less run ins with predators while foraging

Some of the key species highlighted on Bartram’s Garden’s website are the Franklinia alatamaha, Ginko biloba, Cladrastis kentukia “Yellowwood”, and the Quercus x heterophylla “Bartram Oak”. Despite being in a Pennsylvania environment, Bartram’s Garden has wildlife habitats, tidal wetlands, and a large meadow. When choosing what to plant in any environment, it is not only important to choose species that will thrive in the environmental conditions of that area, but also those that are not invasive to the current environment. In class, we touched on the harm of invasive species on certain environments, and I would imagine that Bartram, being the conscious botanist that he was, would keep in mind the integrity of the health of the plants in not only his space, but those to which he sold his seeds. However, another important part of this is recognizing that certain species are at risk for not thriving or carrying on, and by proper cultivation techniques, the Bartrams were able to save the Franklinia from extinction. While being able to keep these species alive, proper research will give way to new beautiful species, such as the Bartram Oak which is a naturally-occuring hybrid. Bartram was able to take species, like the Ginko biloba (which was sent to the United States from London in 1785), and give it a life in other parts of the world. If not invasive, and if implemented with the proper research and thought, the introduction of new species will not only create other species, but can beautify areas that may not be able to experience these species because they are not

The densely populated Long Island, New York on the East Coast of US has undergone extensive suburban development in the few decades, a fact that has made forest conservation a critical issue. This is important because god forest cover can go a long way to benefit the industries and local communities in Nassau County, Syosset, Huntington and North Shore and other areas in Long Island. According to the New York State, Department of Environmental Conservation, the total forested area in New York state is about 19 million acres or about 63% of the total acreage available. The forest industry in the state employees about 60,000 people and contributes over $4.5 billion to New York’s Economy every year. Long Island is home to many

In this set of materials, the article brings three hypotheses to explain the decline of population of the yellow cedar which is common in northwestern North America; however, the speaker is in disagreement with whatever the author mentions.

They are used as habitat for wildlife, soil carbon sequestration, and phytoremediation. They are able to grow in lowland and highland forestation (Bernd et al., 2004), which makes them very important to the pulp, paper, and cosmetic industries (Ferreira et al., 2009). The P. deltoides are one of the fastest growing trees in North America (Haverbeke et al., 2000). They are the largest North American hardwood tree (Steve Nix, et al., 2001).

Planting trees are moral duty of man to nurture this love of trees and impart it to their children. This is going beyond one’s own garden, and beautifying the world at large, and creating shelter for birds, butterflies and animals, is the largesse that Bond gives out to the world.