American Education After 1930

NDEA: The National Defense Education Act was passed in 1958, one year after the Gaither Report came out, and put a strong emphasis on Math, Technology, and Sciences in defense-related situations. (missile gap > technological gap > research gap > education gap) The goal was to put the US ahead in winning the “brain race”. Some effects of this were heightened enrollment/acceptances into university/colleges (increased amount of tax money and federal budget going to funding education/research). Overall $2 billion was put into putting the US getting educationally ahead.

The Brown v. Board of Education was a famous court case that took place in 1954. It integrated all facilities by declaring that separate but equal facilities were unconstitutional and deprived people of their legal rights. This created a big impact on the United States society by allowing for equal education and rights for the people of color. It said repealed the Plessy v. Ferguson case, which called for segregation, and anything that had to do with the Jim Crow Laws. It improved the education of colored students by giving them new books and new school supplies just as the white students were given. This court decision allowed colored students to graduate from any college they wished, instead of selected colleges.

The Brown vs Board of education ruling of 1954 was a unanimous Supreme Court decision that ended segregation in public schools. This ruling gave the civil right movement a much needed win which energized activists in the 1950’s and 1960’s. The Brown vs Board of education represented a tangible win and a real life implementation of the civil right movement success. The decision changed African American daily lives.

We all know of the famous trial that happen on May 17, 1954, a trial that ended all segregation in school districts all over the United States of America. With this law being enforce by the 14th amendment, it change the whole nation, colored people were now being allowed to enter into real academic schools, and compete for a better future. Of course I am talking about the Oliver Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, better known as

Before the No Child Left Behind act came into effect there was a report done in 1983 called A Nation At Risk. Within in this report is information and statistics about how academic underachievement had reached national and international scales. In response to this report the National Commission on Excellence in Education came up with 38 recommendations for the schools. The recommendations were divided into five categories: content, Standards and Expectations, Time, Teaching, Leadership and Fiscal Support (A Nation at Risk and

“The NCLB law­—which grew out of concern that the American education system was no longer internationally competitive­­—significantly increased the federal role in holding schools responsible for the academic progress of all students. And it put a special focus on ensuring that states and schools boost the performance of certain groups of students, such as English-language learners, students in special education, and poor and minority children, whose achievement, on average, trails their peers.” (Klein). In 1965, ESEA (Elementary and Secondary Education Act) was introduced by President Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society Program to create a clear understanding of the Federal Government in K-12 school policy, which provided more that $1 billion

The Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court case was a very important case for Americans. This case was a United States Supreme Court case in where the court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be against the constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in this court case changed the history of race relations in the United States. On May 17, 1954, the Court got rid of segregation by race in schools, and made all education opportunities equal as the law of the land. Without this case, we would not be where we are today. It shaped the United States completely as a whole. It was the first time something regarding race was put a lot of emphasis on. This case redefined our nation's values and ideals, and

The Balfour act replaced the then current school board with local education authorities (LEA) this act and the 1870 laid out the foundation on what we know as education today. One concern during this time that children were focusing on the 3Rs (Reading, Writing, arithmetic) this method had a lot of backlash due to how teacher focused it was and children were not developing skills as they do today which was impact that changed the curriculum this time. In 1920 and 1930s education had many threats to the war which have had an impact in education, but it could have had a negative impact on education (Wakeling,

The federal government found a need to get involved with the educational system putting an emphasizing on math and science to help further advance our technologies. The government did that with the passage of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) in 1965. The ESEA was part of President Lyndon B. Johnsons “War on Poverty” and the first part of the program allocated funds to primary and secondary schools. The second part of the Act aimed to created equal availability of education to all with no discrimination and to create higher quality of learning.

The national government has been helping to improve and regulate education since 1965 when they passed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). The main purpose of this act was to help America's disadvantaged students that lived in poverty. The ESEA helped improve education from grades k-12 across the United States for thirty six years. When Congress approached the same program in 2001 it was reauthorized and

The role of the federal government in setting education policy increased significantly with the passage by Congress of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, a sweeping education reform law that revised the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. "Federal policy has played a major role in supporting standards-based reform since the passage of the Improving America's Schools Act (IASA) of 1994. That law required states to establish challenging content and performance standards, implement assessments…hold school systems accountable…" (Goertz, 2005, pg. 73)

The declining infrastructure of American education started early 20th century and continued for several decades. American education, both public and private, elementary and secondary, and higher education were impacted by changes brought on by war, financial instability, and more importantly, social and psychological distress on its citizens. During World War I, men saw an opportunity to attain specialized training. At the same time, women filled their calling in the World War II. While both World Wars offered opportunities to American citizens, the method used to gain said skills was hindered by time. The time between both World Wars, coupled with the Great Depression, caused American to receive high school diplomas and move onto post-secondary

Acknowledging that the White House tact sheet had accompanying the act the transformation of American education was considered for a number of reasons. The main reason was that 8 years following the publication of A Nation at Risk (1983), educational results had not significantly improved. Second, our global participants and trading partners were taking education seriously while American students were near the "backbone of the pack" in international comparisons. Understandably, a principal function of the legislative initiatives was to achieve competitive academic excellence, which would contribute to improved international economic competitiveness.

In 1954, the Brown v. Board of Education began the elimination of segregation in schools. If the Brown v. Board never happened, there would still be segregation in schools today.

What are the roles of federal and state government when it comes to American education? The roles of education have evolved from historic liabilities to current liabilities. There are many laws and cases that have had an impact on American education that still has a strong influence on education today such as the debate between church and state, racial desegregation, and education finances. Other impacts as relevant are testing standards and special education programs that have arisen from influences of federal concerns. The purpose of this paper is to examine the historical and current roles that the federal and state government has on education. Other factors to include are individual cases