American Pageant Chapter 13 Summary

1. From the perspective of Native Americans, the Spanish and English empires in America had more similarities than differences. Assess the validity of this generalization.

He quickly became embroiled in the Anglo-Texans' politics of rebellion. He served as a delegate from Nacogdoches at the Convention of 1833 in San Felipe and in September 1835, he chaired a mass meeting in Nacogdoches to consider the possibility of convening a consultation. By October, Houston had expressed his belief that war between Texas and the central government was inevitable and on March 2, 1836, Texas adopted its Declaration of Independence. Two days later, Houston received the appointment of major general of the Texas army, with instructions to organize the Republic's military forces. Despite problems with infantry discipline, Houston and his men defeated the Mexican forces of Gen. Antonio López de Santa Anna at the decisive battle of San Jacinto on the afternoon of April 21, 1836. At San Jacinto, Sam Houston became forever enshrined as a member of the pantheon of Texas heroes and a symbol for the

At the Battle of San Jacinto, Santa Ana’s troops were defeated and he was captured. The leader of Texas, Sam Houston released Santa Ana after he promised to respect the independence of Texas. In 1836, Santa Ana returned to Mexico and he was removed from power. Santa Ana regained power and again fought with the United States. However, in 1845 the United States took over Texas. This caused Mexico to be very upset and there was a fight over the border.

Chapter 6: Empire and Resistance records how the Revolutionary War unfolded as the result of the French Indian War or as the Europeans called it, The Seven Years War. When the British were victorious, they gained territory west of the Applicants Mountains and east of the Mississippi River. Colonists were eager to settle on these lands but King George III, the newly crowned king of Britain, issued the Proclamation of 1763 which prohibited the desires of the American Colonists as the result of Pontiac’s Rebellion. Afterward, the British had imposed hefty taxes on the colonies with the first being the Sugar Act which was created by Greenville’s program and passed by the British Parliament. It taxed not only sugar but coffee, animal hides, and

1835 was the year Texans fought for their independence from Mexico. The movement for independence is now known as the Texas revolution. A small group of colonist from the United States lead the resistance against the government. It was no surprise that a rebellion was coming, there was over “ten years of political turmoil and many cultural clashes” (The Alamo). A volunteer army was created and lead by Sam Houston. The small ragtag army had very little chance at winning against the well trained Mexican army.

The battle of San Jacinto started on March 13, 1836, this battle was the last one of the Texas revolution. Sam Houston led his troops to San Felipe de Austin on March 28. By March 30, they were by the Brazos River, where they would camp out and practice drill over the night. At this time Santa Anna had control of the Texas coast and sea ports. Santa Anna crossed the Brazos River and Richmond on April 11 and on April 15, with about 700 men, arrived at Harrisburg. He would then began to start burning down Harrisburg and go looking for the Texas government, but when he arrived at morgens point the movement had fled to Galveston. Santa Anna then sent out Anahuac by way of Lynchburg. On April 11 the Texans received a cannon called the twin sisters.

While the Alamo and by extension San Antonio were lost to Santa Anna and his Army, the bravery and loss of those men on 6 March 1836 would serve as a rallying point in the Texas Revolution. Once Sam Houston was able to muster enough of a force to counter attack, he was able to eventually defeat General Santa Anna’s army and capture Santa Anna. Santa Anna was a prisoner until he signed a formal treaty (which he later disavowed) establishing what would eventually become the state of Texas. “Remember the

The British and the U.S. were both wanting to settle on the Oregon land. They both came up with an agreement of joint occupancy that would provide Oregon to be a free and open country for settlement by Great Britain and the U.S. in 1818. For a quarter of a century both countries maintained a peaceful coexistence. In the mid-1840s the Americans traveled west on the Oregon Trail. With the news getting back to the east of how great it was in the west, there were more settlers that picked up and moved out west.

Initially named San Antonio de Valero Mission, the Alamo is the pride and joy to many American’s and most Texans. While the battle at the Alamo is the most renowned event that took place during the Texas revolution, seldom people know that there were a plethora of events that took place leading up to the showdown at the Alamo. The Mexican government began to shift away from a federalist model under the presidency of Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. The enhanced dictatorial laws, including the revocation of the Constitution of 1824 in 1835 caused many federalists to revolt. Many immigrants that inhabited the Mexican border region of Texas were accustomed to a federalist government and they were quite vocal in their displeasure at Mexico’s shift to centralism. Mexican authorities blamed Texian stress on American immigrants; most of whom they believed had made little effort to adapt to the Mexican culture. In order to put an end to the revolt Santa Anna began assembling a large army, the Army of operations in Texas, to retain order. Most of the men in his army were generally raw recruits and possessed no prior knowledge of synchronized combat.

1.Early American civilization - Incas in Peru, Mayans in Central America, and Aztecs in Mexico shapped sophisticated civilizations. Cultivation of Maize

In 1836, many Americans living in Texas declared independence and began fighting the newly independent Mexico for the claim to the land. After the landmark defeat of Mexican General Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto, Sam Houston of the independent Texas was able to claim land all the way up to the Rio Grande in the Treaty of San Jacinto. The new republic immediately sought annexation to the American union, however, then President Jackson, was hesitant fearing an escalation of conflict with Mexico. Eventually however, through a joint resolution of congress, Texas was added to America in 1845. This however angered Mexico and led to the outbreak of war in the subsequent year. After two years of fighting, America reigned triumphant, and through the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, American gained claim to the Mexican land in the southwest spanning to and including present day

I would like to thank you so much for sponsoring me for the National American Miss Pageant. I cannot wait for pageant weekend, August 1-3. I am extremely blessed to have the opportunity to compete for the title of Miss Jr. Texas Teen. If I go on to receive this title, I will do my best to make a difference in my community, especially through my organization, Pillows for a Cause, an organization that gives pillows to children going through a rough time. I will also work hard to inspire girls from all over Texas to help others and remind them that they have a voice that can be used to make a change in their community. The (Amount Donated) that you donated is going towards my sponsor fee and other pageant expenses (hotel, tickets, optional contests,

Today in Texas if you drive to Dallas there is a huge statue of Sam Houston on the side of the road. Houston emerged as a leader to the Texans. As governor, He refused to swear loyalty to the confederacy when Texas seceded from the Union in 1861 with the outbreak of the american civil war, and was removed from office. On March 6, 1836, the separatists chose Sam Houston to be the commander-in-chief of the revolutionary army. Houston immediately departed for Gonzales, Texas, where the main force of the revolutionary army was stationed. When he arrived, he found that the Texan army consisted of 374 poorly dressed and ill-equipped men. Most had no guns or military experience, and they had only two days of rations. Houston had little time to dwell on the situation, because he learned that the Mexican general Santa Anna was staging a siege of the Alamo in San

“I’m so happy that I won that pageant. Now, we can move onto the pageant that I have been

The region of Texas, which was originally a part of Mexico, declared independence as a nation in the year 1836. Mexico was primarily a territory of Spain, and the American settlers sought permission from Spain to develop land within the region of Texas. When Mexico became independent from Spain, the arrangements were conducted with the government of Mexico; however, this quickly caused a serious conflict, as the Americans in the region of Texas began to outnumber the native Mexicans in the region. When the number of Mexican immigrants increased, the situation escalated into military conflicts causing the famous Battle of Alamo, which the U.S claimed victory. Two major figures involved in this conflict included Stephen F. Austin, a young immigrant from Missouri, and Sam Houston, after whom major cities within present-day Texas are named