Amg 145 Summary

JF’s risk factors include her age (79), hypertension, and previous history of coronary arterial disease (NSTEMI about 10 years ago) (1). JF’s current medications do not contribute to her dyslipidemia (1). She does not have a family history of premature cardiovascular diseases. Secondary prevention of cardiovascular events and all-cause-mortality are the primary outcomes for JF’s lipid-lowering therapy. JF was previously stable on atorvastatin for many years and thus has not had lipid testing in the past year. JF recalls meeting her cholesterol targets previously (LDL ~2.0 mmol/L, HDL ~1.2 mmol/L, TG and TC unknown). The recommended target values for post-MI patients are LDL-C of <2.0 mmol/L, and HDL-C <2.6 mmol/L (1 ,2). However, no clinical studies thus far have directly evaluated the benefits of titrating statin dose to achieve target values. A different fix-dose approach involves giving patients the same doses that were shown to produce clinical benefits in trials regardless of how much LDL-C reduction was achieved (1, 2). Using this approach, lipid measurements are only used to monitor for adherence and safety (in case LDL-C too low) (1). Patients with prior history of CAD are considered high-risk (Framingham risk >20%) regardless of their lipid

A higher level of fats in the body puts the patient at higher risk for Cardiovascular diseases(CAD). The patient's' family has a history of CAD. Her mom and one of her sister have CAD (Lewis et al., 2014, pp. 733-734). The patient states that she has been taking her meds for cholesterol atorvastatin regularly. Her lipase level was 8272 on 11/11/16 and 2829 on 11/12/16 U/L 1069 on 11/13/16 (Ref range 73-393 U/L). Her HDL cholesterol level was 21 ( ref range>49 mg/dl), LDL Cholesterol level 148 ( ref range: <130 mg/dL). Patient statin drug was on hold because it is contradicted on the patient with an elevated level of ALT 80, 61(Ref range 0-50 U/L) and AST 61 on 11/12/16 and 64 on 11/13/16 (ref range 0-45 U/L). The uncontrolled level of could be the cause of concern for stroke or acute myocardial

“Manual of Clinical Problems in Cardiology : With Annotated Key References” book is written by L. David Hillis in 1980. Hillis has MD degree obtained from Columbia University , New York,

“Suppose your doctor got your lab work and said your cholesterol is high with this type of thing it can cause risk of heart attack and cardiovascular disease then he prescribes you a pill called statin. However, ask yourself if the drug is worth it because the statistics only help 30-50 percent of people who consume the drug.” Said Levitin. This quote makes you think about if the solution is really worth it because by a slim chance the drug can help or even cure you disease you contain in your body, and that doesn’t seem right if you are wasting money if you’re not getting help from the drug. This piece of evidence supports my opinion by ten full because you’ll be making big mistake if you buy a drug that may help your disease or disability, and the statistics are not in your favor. However, be smart and ask the doctor any type of questions that may affect you by any

MR. David likewise takes atorvastatin (Lipitor); 10 mg every day, for hypercholesterolemia (hoisted LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, and raised triglycerides). He has endured this medicine and holds fast to the day by day plan. Amid the previous 6 months, he has likewise taken chromium picolinate,

The study shows that disease-modifying medications were prescribed significantly more often in 2000 than in 1995, particularly in patients younger than 65 and in those aged 75 to 84 (Saczynski et al., 2009, p. 3). The study indicates that Beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors have been shown to improve survival and reduce hospitalizations in patients with Heart Failure. The second article mentioned about the elderly patients who have CHF not on or under dosage of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. According to this article ACE inhibitors should be given for patients diagnosed asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) (EF<40%) and symptomatic heart failure with systolic dysfunction associated with other heart problems such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary hypertension. The suggested dosage for the CHF patients mentioned in the article and due to age-related changes in pharmacokinetic drugs, it also recommended the initial dosage must be half the standard dose and gradual increase after assessing renal function. After studying a group of elderly CHF patients revealed that higher or standard dose of ACE inhibitors reduce the risks of major clinical events. Results from the research display a decrease of hospitalizations due to cardiovascular reason, heart failure, and ischemic events in the standard-dose group. The study also found out that the adverse effects of high doses can be managed by reducing the dosage or by changing

Use the equation of HDL + LDL + 20% of the Triglyceride level to calculate your total cholesterol level. This number should be less than 180 mg/dL for healthy total cholesterol. Your “bad cholesterol” or low-density-lipoprotein or commonly known as LDL levels should be on the low side. Levels of less than 100 mg/dL are the best levels. 100- 129 mg/mL are close to ideal. Borderline high would be levels of 130-159 mg/mL, high risk levels are 160-189 mg/dL and the worse, highest risk levels would be over 190 mg/dL. (6) The American Heart Association or AHA guidelines snow state that LDL levels are no longer a guideline for preventing heart attacks and no longer need to be taken into account. The level is strictly used to calculate your total cholesterol level. The AHA guidelines also state that people taking statins no longer need to have their LDL levels under a certain level. In “good” Cholesterol or High-density-lipoprotein also known as HDL we look at higher level as being healthier. For Men their healthy levels need to be over 40 mg/dL and

In evaluating M.T.’s medication regimen it is noted she is currently taking metoprolol 50mg twice daily and it is proven to be ineffective in managing her blood pressure which is currently noted as 174/94 with a pulse of 90. The metoprolol is a beta blocker and is not a first choice for a monotherapy to treat hypertension. The regimen is twice daily and creates complications for the M.T. to remember to take the medication. In addition, there is no documented history of heart failure or MI in M.T.’s medical history but there is

We are focusing our clinical trial trail phase III study trials in USA, Japan and Germany as we have checked feasibility for those countries for Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients who have been prescribed Kombiglyze XR by their physician for the treatment regime and how it is responsible to induce the heart related diseases. We will conduct Phase 3 clinical trial with time limit of 2 years.

She has been off simvastatin because of the myalgias. Her lipids were most recently checked back in June and were elevated. Total cholesterol 270, triglycerides 199, HDL 59, LDL 171. She really wanted to work on healthier lifestyle choices, which she is trying to do, but is still struggling with. She has not been using her exercise bike of late, as her basement was being renovated, though she plans to start doing that soon. She would like to continue to work on those things, but does admit that she has difficulty. She would be willing to consider an alternative statin than simvastatin because of her prior issues, but would perhaps like to recheck them

Congestive Cardiac Failure bring an adverse impact on both people’s life and health care systems. Therefore, medication treatment might play an indispensable part in coping with congestive cardiac failure. There are different types of medication could be used to treat CHF, for example, angiotensin- converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitors, β-blockers and digoxin. What’s more, congestive cardiac failure are less likely to accept aspirin, heparin, oral beta-blockers, however, they are more likely to accept angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitors(Garry, Wilson, & Vlodaver, 2017).

Stroke is a world wide common disease with its occurrence depending on multiple risk factors involved, one of which is high blood cholesterol and LDL level, it is thought that lower cholesterol level decreases the incidence of cerebrovascular ischemia (doc3.pdf) which has been concluded from many clinical trials conducted for the purpose of understanding the adverse effects of statins, drugs that have been manufactured primarily for the purpose of controlling blood cholesterol level, statins are defined as a family of drugs that control and inhibit cholesterol production by acting through

Annual testing for abnormalities in fasting serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and calculated LDL cholesterol levels (ADA, 2008)

The FDA has been introduced to a new drug that is said to lower cholesterol levels, Praluent. Praluent (alirocumab) is considered to be the biggest breakout drug in lowering bad or LDL cholesterol since statin drugs. Various company experiments show that patient’s cholesterol levels fell from 46 to 60 percent, while also taking statin. Compared to statin, whose effects only lowered its patient’s cholesterol levels by 20 to 22 percent. There’s a growing conflict on whether Praluent should be approved based on it’s health benefits or should the drug be further tested to make sure the effects are long-term and effective. Praluent will mainly be graded on its effectiveness with lowering cholesterol levels (“Praluent Could Be Approved Next Week for Cholesterol”, 2015).

Joseph is a 39-year-old male who suffers from pure hypercholesterolemia (E78.0), along with hypertension, mild cardiomyopathy, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia and abnormal liver function. His most recent lab reports his cholesterol at 248, triglycerides 150, HDL 48, LDL 170. Joseph has tried and failed various treatments including liptor and zetia, with his cholesterol levels being sub-optimally controlled. Your reason for denial was due to his diagnosis. Repatha is not a statin, but works differently as a PCSK9 inhibitor that targets a protein in the liver called proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9, or PCSK9. By reducing the amount of PCSK9 in the body, PCSK9 inhibitors allows the body to remove cholesterol more efficiently.