Amir's Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (DDA)

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) took effect in 1990 under the auspices of president George Herbert Walker Bush. This act serves as an extension of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, in a sense, in that it ensures that those with disabilities could not be discriminated against in much the same way that people could not be discriminated against on the grounds of sex, race, religion, and other factors denoted in the former act. A key component of this act is the fact that disabilities included those related to both physical as well as mental impairment. Although certain conditions could certainly set a precedent for what constitutes as a disability, disabilities still must be proven on an individual basis. This act became amended during the presidency of George Walker Bush to give supplemental protection to workers who are disabled.

In 1973 the section 504 rehabilitation act banned discrimination on people with disabilities. “For the first time, the exclusion and segregation of people with disabilities was viewed as discrimination” (Mayerson). People thought that people with disabilities that were unemployed and uneducated was “inevitable” (Mayerson). People fighting for the disabled proved that this was wrong and needed to be changed. The Americans with Disabilities act changed nothing for the employment for them, and by 2018 people with disabilities were still getting wages 40 percent below a “healthy person’s” (Picker). But, despite some unchanged discrimination the fixing of the equality between the disabled and nondisabled, right now, is that the Americans

Disability is an impairment is a life changing condition that limits one’s physical or mental abilities. Disabilities comes in many forms such as blindness, hearing, speech disorder, loss of vision. and memory. As well as, chronic illness such as diabetes, HIV, obesity. Under Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (“ADA”) employers, cannot discriminate against qualified individuals with disabilities when hiring, firing, job promotion, distribution of benefits and privileges. In addition, by law, employers must make reasonable effort to modify work equipment and job settings for people with disabilities. Such as job schedules, employee training and communication devices; without causing an undue hardship, significant difficulty

Just like any other minority, the disabled have been discriminated throughout history. Disabilities can be composed of physical or mental handicaps and discrimination has always occurred for both. It has historically been difficult for the disabled to not only find employment, but also to keep acceptable employment. These individuals also have had trouble being treated properly on the job. Transportation has also been an issue because many of the disabled cannot move or get around as easily as others. There is a history of isolating or separating the handicap from society by not having proper access available or by not allowing them to participate in all government programs. People with hearing problems also have not been able to

In 1990, President George H. Bush signed into effect the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) with protected American’s from being discriminated against based up disabilities. The 2009 Americans with Disabilities Amendments Act expanded the definition of disability to include “(A) a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities of such individual; (B) a record of such an impairment; or (C) being regarded as having such an impairment.” (Vroman, 2013) The article Realities of the Americans with Disabilities Act clarifies what is means to be disabled under the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Americans with Disabilities Amendment Act: “To be disabled, an individual must be so limited in one or more major life activities that he or she is impaired in his or her ability to perform the variety of tasks central to most people’s lives.” (Jacobs and Lauber, 2011) Since the Americans with Disabilities Amendments Act was signed into law, the number of people covered by the Americans with Disabilities Act has

There are federal laws that apply to many situations that take place at work that are enforced by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. These situations vary from hiring and firing, to benefits and promotions. The laws in place make it illegal to discriminate against any person as a job applicant to an employee due to a person’s race, color, sex, origin, religion, age, or disability. This means that the decision regarding employment must be made with the basis of job requirements and qualifications of the worker. When those decisions are made on the basis of featuring characteristics, it is considered discrimination.

“The American with Disability Act defines an individual with a disability as a person who has a physical, mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities; has a record of such impairment; or is regarded as having such an impairment” Retrieved from https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/tools-and-samples/hr-forms/pages/ada_compliancequestionnaire.aspx. “Physical or mental impairment means any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting one or more of the body systems: neurological, musculoskeletal, special sense organs, respiratory (including speech organs), cardiovascular, reproductive, digestive, genitourinary, hemic and lymphatic, skin, and endocrine; or any mental or psychological disorder, such as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness and specific learning disabilities” Retrieved by

To make noteworthy and opinion for the Indonesian with Disabilities Act amendment in the Indonesian Parliament. Learning from professional organizations and developing strong network with Disabilities Network Southwestern Michigan, Disability Services for Students in Western Michigan University, Unified Clinics and Center for Disability Services-Western Michigan University, and Bureau of Services for Blind Persons Training Center Michigan. Lesson learn from the United States federal government to implement the Acts related to people with disabilities. Therefore, the Indonesian Parliament, the Indonesian government, the Indonesian non-government organizations, and other stakeholders who are concern for reformation on education and working

Discrimination has been a sensitive subject which is argued a lot nowadays and throughout history. That issue somehow impacts every aspect of our lives. Among all types of discrimination, discrimination against physical disabilities may be the type that is easiest to see. Disability discrimination has formed for many reasons, which are unfair treatments in such areas as recruitment, public transportation, and service.

The Disability Discrimination Act provides disabled people important rights of access to health and social service such as doctor’s surgeries, dental surgeries, hospitals and mobile screening units. The

Thanks to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act, a free and appropriate public education is mandated for students with disabilities (Peter, 1994). Disabled students must be placed in the least restrictive environment. This environment must be closest to or in the general classroom. Here the student’s individual needs must be met through the students

Disabilities is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. An impairment is a problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations (WHO disabilities). Disability is a complex phenomenon, reflecting an interaction between features of a person’s body and features of the society in which the person lives.

Long ago there was great confusion over the meaning of terms such as impairment, handicap, or disability.  Then, in 1980, the WHO provided great service by offering a clear way of thinking about it all in a little book

A human being who born with any disabilities is bound to face a lot of challenges in their life. Disabilities include both mental and physical medical conditions. These disabilities can restrict them to do certain kind of job that normal people do in their daily life. The restrictions also include the purchase of goods and services, to participate in government programs and different employment opportunities. People realized that children have been excluded and segregated since long time ago throughout the world. Moreover, people in cities and towns of United States started challenging societal barriers by which they were excluded from the main stream American life. “The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin” (The Civil Right Act, page 1). But, the discrimination of people with disabilities has been considered much later in ‘The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 1990 which ensure equal opportunities to people with disabilities. The issue here was an incident of discrimination happened to two employees during 1944 in the University of Alabama School system. Both were disabled under the definitions of ADA. One of them (Ash) was a security guard who had a lifelong history of severe asthma, and a nurse (Garret) who had been diagnosed with breast cancer requiring time-consuming radiation and chemotherapy. Both alleged that they had been discriminated at their job place due to their illness. The

Which leads me to the next topic I would like to discuss discrimination. Discrimination is sadly a very common thing for disabled people to experience. In the view of Chris Barber in the article “Disability Discrimination in The 21St Century: A Short Introduction” it defines discrimination as