Amma Drug History

The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most powerful and greedy industries in our country, with a goal to make as large a profit as possible, at the expense of the sick.

The principle reason for the Act is to keep the abuse of controlled medications and attains to this by forcing a complete boycott on the ownership, supply, make, import and fare of controlled medications with the exception of as permitted by regulations or by permit from the Secretary o

From the days of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid era and up until the late 1800’s other countries, France, Germany and Great Britain to name a few, were way ahead of the United States in health care education and practice. This added to the fact that medical

It hasn’t changed that the average person doesn’t like to feel pain or be ill. The evolution of medicine from 1776 to 1938 in the United States depended on the knowledge of current diseases and treatment at that time. The major diseases during this time were pneumonia, influenza, tuberculosis, gastrointestinal infections, heart disease and cerebrovascular disease.1 Ironically, much of those diseases still exist today. Over time, the world’s demand for drugs for any type of illness or disease drastically skyrocketed. Was the medicine really working or were people psyched into believing they had an illness? The diagnosis and treatment was incorrect many times, resulting in “shoulda, coulda, and wouldas” when dealing with diagnosis and medicine. Without a scientific basis, medical doctors, such as Benjamin Rush were ineffective with proper treatment, and quacks promoted strange treatments as to say: Yackedy Quack, Don’t Talk Back. By the end of the 20th Century, one could say American medicine was on the rise and researchers and physician were much more respected.

Oliver Wendell Holmes went on to rebut each of Hahnemann’s “delusions” in seventy-four pages but, his words notwithstanding, by the late 19th century almost ten thousand healers practiced homeopathic medicine, 10% of all doctors nationwide. Its popularity was greatest among the country’s influential and wealthy, and why not? After all, it was gentle and seemed to be based on scientific sounding principles. Moreover, homeopaths encouraged such common sense activities as eating well, exercising vigorously, fresh air and sunshine while orthodox physicians spent their time promoting bleeding and purging. To defend against incursions by economic competitors, in 1847 the “regulars” (including Holmes) formed the American Medical Association which promptly banned members from

The transition of healthcare from old, local private practice to the behemoth that is organized medicine began in the 1900’s with the reorganization of the American Medical Association. In 1901, the AMA formed its first House of Delegates and establishes a central office in Chicago, IL(American Medical Association). It took

Medicine has developed in many ways throughout time and is a necessity in our society. People would die of the common cold if there was no medicine in our world. Sure some natural remedies have helped people through the years but nothing has changed lives like medicine. Imagine having the common cold and realizing you might not make it. This is a simple cold that nowadays can be treated with a simple dosage of cough syrup. The 1800’s in particular is what made scientist decide to investigate more medicine. I will also explain how people lived and how society moved as a whole in the 1800’s till now.

The residual formulation believes that "there are two natural channels through which an individual's needs are met: the family and the market economy" (Wilensky & Lebeaux, 1965, p. 139). There was very little, if any, formal social welfare institutions that helped with health care. Health was general attended to by family members. There was a lack of availability, and trust, of physicians; and as a result, many Americans depended on self-help books and familial knowledge to treat illnesses. There was a belief in "every man's ability to be his own physician" (Wrynn, 2007). A widespread distrust of physicians stemmed from their painful treatments which included bloodletting and purgatives. In addition, "the continuing influence of graduates from poorly equipped proprietary medical schools and the inability of the American Medical Association, founded in 1847, to control the training and licensing of physicians sent many Americans to alternative sources for medical treatment" (Wrynn, 2007). Books such as Thomas Ewell's American Family Physician in 1824 and Margaret Moore's Advice to Young Mothers on the Physical Education of Children in 1833, served as guides for mothers to treat illnesses within their families (Wrynn, 2007). During this time, there were illnesses that came to American from other countries. Some of these illness were endemic elsewhere but could easily become epidemic in the United States because there was lack of ability and understanding among the few physicians and the colonists (Rosenberg, 2008). Examples of epidemics during this period include massive outbreaks of cholera and yellow fever. Trade and immigration influenced the spread of disease at this time because the growing number of people and ships brought in a large variety of new pathogens (Rosenberg, 2008). Despite these illnesses being widespread, dealing with them was predominantly a family concern before the growth of

Even though the pharmaceutical industry had been highly profitable and contributed about 40% OF Ciba-Geigy’s revenues in profit, there were some trends, which were worrying. The government had attempted to reduce a cost of healthcare thus; pressure to lower costs was mounting on industrialized countries. There were restrictions to introduce new products, and price control became stricter while limiting the freedom of doctors to prescribe medications. Patent controls were becoming reduced, and the pharmaceutical industry was becoming increasingly criticized. These trends later made the industry to

In the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century, the average person was treated within their own home for many of the illnesses that now send us rushing off to the doctor’s office or the hospital. Doctors were only called upon for extreme situations or epidemics, and for the most part, they made house calls. This was only possible because of low population densities in early America and the relatively primitive state of medical science. As time passed hospitals began to follow American settlement westward providing more centralized and

Burnham, John C. 1985， "American Medicine's Golden Age: What Happened to It?" in J.W. Leavitt and R.L. Numbers' Sickness & H ealth in Am erica: Readings in the H istory o fM edicine and P ublic H ealth, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press. 1977 * O rganized M edicine in the Progressive Era: The M ove Toward M onopoly, Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

But the patients are the ones to go in there and say something is wrong but there is actually nothing wrong with them. Some doctors do not care enough to see if what the patient was complaining about was true. Some patients will do anything to get the prescription drugs that they need. In the rest of this paper i will describe both sides the doctors and the patients.

The second of the three movements was the passage of the 1938 Amendment. This came as a result of a drug called Sulfanilamide, which was mixed with DI-ethylene glycol (sometimes called anti-freeze). It killed more than 100 people. Government stepped in very quickly, and, with this new act, recquired the manufacturer of any new drug to present convincing evidence to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that the product was relatively safe for use before it was put on the market.

The doctors understood that to a greater extent most Americans were unable to meet their medical expenses. In 1927 the AMA formed a Committee that concluded that private insurance was the best solution.

There were two important developments in the 1970s which further shaped the industry in the form that we see today. Firstly, the Thalidomide tragedy (where an antiemetic given for morning sickness caused birth defects) led to much tighter regulatory controls on clinical trials, greatly increasing development costs. Secondly, enactment of legislation to set a fixed period on patent protection (typically 20 years from initial filing as a research discovery) led to the appearance of “generic” medicines. Generics medicines are those that have exactly the same active ingredients as the original brand, and compete on price.