Ammonium Nitrate

On April 19, 1995, Timothy McVeigh set off a truck bomb outside of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The attack under McVeigh left 168 people dead and more than 650 people injured. More than 300 buildings surrounding the area were damaged due to the explosion. “Until September 11, 2001, the Oklahoma City bombing was the worst terrorist attack to take place on U.S. soil” (http://www.history.com/topics/oklahoma-city-bombing). This bombing was a major eye opener to the US.

At 9:02 a.m. on April 19, 1995, a 5,000-pound bomb, hidden inside a Ryder truck, exploded just outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. The explosion caused massive damage to the building and killed 168 people, 19 of whom were children (Rosenburg, 2011). On April 23, four days after the bombing, President Bill Clinton addressed the public and gave an effective, excellent speech.

The use of too much fertilizers, and in particular, of fertilizers with high concentrations of nitrogen, has been linked to reduced biodiversity (Xiankai et al. 2010). It becomes necessary to consider the detrimental effects of high concentrations of fertilizer in the reduced spaces. Fertilizers are salts, and therefore high concentrations of fertilizers can deplete the plant from water.

McVeigh and Nichols assembled an ANNM explosive apparatus mounted in the back of a rental truck. The bomb was made up of about 5,000 pounds of ammonium nitrate and nitromethane. It was all packed in a 1993 Ford F-700 Ryder rental box truck from Junction City, Kansas. McVeigh rented the truck with the fake license Lori Fortier helped him make under the alias Robert D. Kling. After McVeigh had parked the truck with the bomb inside (after igniting two timed fuses one for two minutes and a back-up for five minutes) he ran to his getaway car which was three blocks away. While running the bomb went off and lifted McVeigh off the ground. 90 minutes later McVeigh was pulled over in his yellow 1977 Mercury Marquis near Perry, Oklahoma. He was then arrested for not having a license plate and

Furthermore, factory farms pollute drinking water sources. Manure and fertilizers are rich in nitrates and phosphates, which are very unhealthy for living things. They pollute groundwater sources by seeping in through lagoons of waste sewage that factory farms create. Lagoons of animal feces and spent fertilizers are a very cheap way of dealing with waste (NRDC). The chemicals travel through the soil to groundwater that the local communities depend on. Ingesting nitrate tainted water will lower the amount of oxygen a person can intake. This can lead to death for infants. Some of the pollutants can reach open waters if they are carried by rain or irrigation water, called runoff. Runoff pollutes ponds, lakes, oceans, and other open bodies of water. Polluted waters with high levels of nitrates kill fish, aquatic plants, and other aquatic organisms because they experience the same problems with oxygen intake. High levels of phosphorus in our waters cause algae blooms in open bodies of water. Algae blooms disrupt the ecosystem in the water and kill the organisms living in the water. They use up all the oxygen in

When the Oklahoma City bombing happened, it remained the largest terrorist attack to happen on American soil until the attack on 9/11. On April 19, 1995, a rental truck was loaded up with 4,800 pounds of explosives and detonated just after 9:00 am (Krung, Nixon, & Vincent, 1996). The attack was focused on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City. This tragic event killed one hundred sixty-eight people and also injured hundreds more (Nacos, 2016). A dare care facility was also located within the building and nineteen children perished in the attack (Nacos, 2016). There were hundreds more victims which were treated by area hospitals and private doctor offices. This explosion was so large, a shockwave was sent across the city which damaged or destroyed an additional 300 buildings in the immediate area (History, 2009). Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nicholas were the two men responsible for this devastating attack.

On April 19th 1995 the worst terrorist attack on US soil took place in the heartland of America. The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma was targeted and almost completely blown to pieces by one enormous homemade bomb. The unthinkable had happened at the beginning of an average day at the office. This day would be remembered for the rest of America's history, unlike any other day, as a blatant attack on the United States government.

The excess use of fertilizers can result in soil erosion and can lead to land pollution.

Next, according to the article “Iowa’s Nasty Water War”, (2016) claims that innocent people are at risk for major health problems. A specific example is shown with the Raccoon river that runs right through Iowa. Farmers are spraying their fields with fertilizers to help the crops grow with few problems which sounds like a great idea until a study had shown that there was a large amount of runoff from three rural counties near by. When nitrates are ran into a water supply and a infant consumes it such as in the child’s formula the nitrates constrict the oxygen in the baby's blood thus turning the child a light blue. Others that are vulnerable are pregnant women and the elderly because they have such weak immune systems and are susceptible to

In Oklahoma City on April 19, 1995, at 8:50 AM Timothy McVeigh parked a Ryder truck on the street in front of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. The truck had a very powerful bomb made out of ammonium nitrate and fuel. McVeigh set a timed fuse and in turn of events it was bombs away while he fled the scene in a getaway car.

At 9:03 a.m. a massive bomb resting inside a rented Ryder truck destroyed half of the nine story federal building in downtown Oklahoma City. Within moments, the surrounding area looked like a

At 9:02 a.m. CST, a rental truck filled with explosives is detonated outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. It was all planned by two former US army soldiers Timothy McVeigh, and Terry Nichols. Approximately, 500 people were injured, 168 people were dead including 19 children who were in the daycare of the building. This bombing shook the whole country. Luckily, the Army veteran Timothy McVeigh is arrested in a traffic stop because he got caught driving a car without license plate.

Arson is the willful burning of structures, property, or people for personal or financial gain. Bombing is utilizing a weapon manufactured from commercial or military explosives in order to cause terror, injury, or death. According to Figure 11-2, the investigation of an arson discovery of suspicious fire; burn pattern, fire scene, theory of fire, basic leads, identification, and arrest, case preparation and prosecution. Figure 11-2 illustrates a bombing investigation; explosion, determination of cause, scene investigation pattern, scene processing, case building, identification, and arrest, and case

Like all other elements, nitrogen is very important in life but in moderation. We sometimes cause an overload

Chemical attacks conducted by Aum Shinrikyo in 1995 and the Iraqi government against the Kurdish people in the late 1980s have not had a significant impact on counterterrorism preparedness against chemical weapons in the United States. Even though Aum Shinrikyo had a level of expertise with chemical agents and the ability to produce them, it was proven that attacks of this nature are easy to carry out but difficult to gain the desired effect from. Initially, Aum thought their attack would kill thousands if not more however the generally poor quality of the sarin gas coupled with the inadequate dispersal devices degraded the attack’s effectiveness significantly (A case study on the Aum Shinrikyo, 1995, Sect 5, Para 3). Since this was the most effective chemical attack conducted by a non-state actor, one can readily see the difficulties involved in effectively dispersing gas, even in a relatively enclosed area. It is exactly these difficulties experienced by the Japanese terrorists that have led America into a relative calm over a threat of chemical terrorism as it would likely prove relatively ineffective in the absence of direct assistance from another nation.