Amyloidosis Research Paper

Alzheimer’s disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that accounts for sixty to seventy percent of Dementia cases. It is characterized by the development of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the loss of connection between neurons in the brain and the death of nerve cells. There are two types of Alzheimer’s Early on-set Alzheimer’s which occur from the ages of thirty to sixty is very rare and makes up less than five percent of the cases of Alzheimer’s . The second type is Late on-set Alzheimer’s which is the most common type and it is found in those of ages sixty and up. The progression of Alzheimer’s is a lengthy progress from the time of diagnosis the average life expectancy is three to nine years. In the early stages people have difficulty with short term memory loss as the disease progresses symptoms include difficulties with language, disorientation, mood swings, loss of motivation, loss of self-care and behavioral issues. As Alzheimer’s progresses a person slowly withdraws from family life and society due to the jumbled state of their memory. On a physical level the body’s physical function slowly degenerates and eventually leads to death.

Alzheimer's is a type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. It is the most common form of Dementia which is a general term for a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer’s accounts for 60-80% of dementia cases. Based on 2018 Alzheimer’s Association statistics, there are more than 5 million Americans living with Alzheimer’s over the age of 65 (Alzheimer’s Association, 2018). Many scientists state the death rate for heart disease has declined by 11% while death by Alzheimer’s has raised by 123% (Alzheimer’s Association, 2018). It is considered to be the 6th leading cause of death in the United States (Alzheimer’s Association, 2018). Alzheimer’s disease(AD) is an abnormal aging

Alzheimer disorder is an major nervous condition that present in irreparable loss of neuron in the cortex and hippocampus of the brain. The recurrence of the disease is 7% of people above 65 years old and 40% of individual above 80 years old. Patients commonly have issues in decision making, remembrance, and judgment. Pathological lineaments are specified as loss of neuron, extracellular senile plaques include peptide β-amyloid. Diagnosis is established on neurological feedback to rule out other reasons by using autopsy. Dopamine as neurotransmitter has an important part in etiology of Alzheimer disease and it is reduced in this disease.[3]

Symptoms. Alzheimer’s disease is commonly known for the symptom of forgetfulness; however, this is not the only symptom of Alzheimer’s. There are a few common symptoms that are associated with Alzheimer’s which include memory lapses, disorientation, trouble with speaking and writing, difficulties with thinking and reasoning, struggling with decision-making and judgement, trouble planning and performing familiar tasks, and changes in personality and behavior that affect a person’s daily life. According to the Alzheimer’s Association in their article “What is Alzheimer’s?,” “The most common early symptom of Alzheimer's is difficulty remembering newly learned information because Alzheimer's changes typically begin in the part of the brain that

Robert is a ninety-year-old man, who has been experiencing progressive and worsening heart failure. He has a long cardiac history and has been under the care of a cardiologist for the past 30 years. His medical history includes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, dyslipidemia and heart disease. Robert lives in a senior condominium community with his wife Janet.

There are two important physiological abnormalities that define the disease: amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Abnormal protein deposits throughout the brain form amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Amyloid is a normally harmless protein that appears throughout the body. Cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein by β-secretase and γ-secretase leads to the formation of beta-amyloid, a toxic version of the protein, which leads to the death of neurons. While the mode of action of beta amyloid is still not definitively known, a 2012 study by the University of Michigan supports the idea that it damages neuronal membranes (Moore). According to this theory, the plaques poke tiny holes in the membrane, allowing calcium to flow into the neuron uncontrollably, leading to the eventual death of the neuron. Another theory is that the beta amyloid breaks down to form free radicals that attack the neurons. The degenerated neurons and the amyloid protein combine to form sticky clumps, known as amyloid plaques, that the body is incapable of breaking down naturally. As a result, these plaques build up throughout the brain, leading to the loss of connections between neurons. According to research, plaque formation first occurs in the hippocampus, which plays a vital role in memory formation. Overtime, additional brain structures are affected, and significant brain tissue shrinkage

Alzheimer's disease is worse than almost any other in a certain way. At least when you get cancer or heart disease you don't forget the names of loved ones and friends. It's almost worse to have your life mentally slip away as it does with Alzheimer's even if you are still physically intact. A relationship has been discovered between high blood pressure and this awful disease and strangely, it has been found to be an inverse relationship.

Alzheimer’s is a devastating disease and as it progresses a person diagnosed can lose their quality of life. People who are diagnosed can still sometimes maintain a positive and pleasurable quality of life but unfortunately what I have experienced it is more rare to have a good quality of life. There is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease but there are treatment options available. There are medications that you can take to slow the progression of the disease like Cholinesterase inhibitors which includes drugs like Aricept or Namenda. They also will prescribe psychotherapeutic medications to control the behaviors that go along with this disease like antidepressants, anxiolytics, and

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that occurs when nerve cells in the brain die. It was first diagnosed in 1906 by the German doctor Alois Alzheimer. AD is now the most common and serious type of dementia. Approximately 2.5 million people over the age of 65 in the United States have this disease. It has been predicted that AD could triple over the next 50 years as increasing numbers of people live to older ages.

It is estimated that between 4.5 and 5.4 million Americans are affected by Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) (Vanmeter. P. 376). AD is a progressive disease that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. Changes with Alzheimer’s Disease are degenerative and results in gross atrophy of the cerebral cortex. The disease destroys brain cells which causes two types of abnormalities; neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques (orange book p. 212). Neurofibrillary tangles cause death of neurons, which contributes to the development of dementia. Amyloid plaque disrupts transmission of nerve impulses. It is not clear if the plaque causes AD or a by-product of the AD process causes it. (212 orange).

Alzheimer’s is described as a type of disease that causes mental illness, which causes problems with memory, thinking, and behavior of an individual. It is a deterioration of the nervous system especially the neurons in the brain. Alzheimers’ is the result of mutations on genes. Specifically, familial alzheimer’s is caused by a mutation in the gene coding for the amyloid precursor protein (APP) on chromosome 21q.When this gene is modified, a toxic protein fragment called amyloid beta peptide are produced in the brain. This peptide builds up in the brain and form amyloid plaques. The accumulation of this “amyloid beta peptide and amyloid plaque,” can lead to a great deal of death of nerve cells and progression of symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (Genetics Home Reference, paragraph 6).

One of the most common forms of dementia in US is Alzheimer’s disease with an estimated 5.3 million Americans with Alzheimer’s disease in 2015 and approximately 700,000 patients of age 65 and older to die of this disease. Alzheimer’s has thus become the sixth leading cause of death in the U.S. Currently, one of the top 10 causes of death in America, Alzheimer’s disease progression cannot be slowed, cured or prevented. However, various researchers have been working on methods to decrease the progression or cure the disease, primarily focusing on the potentially modifiable risk factors.

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative brain process that develops slowly over time. It is also known as senile dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is most widely thought to be caused by an increase in the production or accumulation of a specific protein (beta-amyloid protein) that leads to nerve cell death. This disease is thought to be inherited, though it does not mean that because either parent has it that the child will automatically have it. There is also a correlation that persons with limited formal education – less than eight years – are at an increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease. The likelihood of developing Alzheimer’s disease doubles every 5.5 years from age 65 to 85. The onset of Alzheimer’s disease can occur as early as 45 years

Alzheimer’s disease, a life threatening disease that attacks your brain tissues. Imagine being a high school student whose grandfather is suffering from Alzheimer's Disease; always on the lookout waiting for him to show up unpleasant doing random tasks in the night. Alzheimer's Disease is a leading cause of death in the United States. There are 500,000 deaths yearly, and research shows that in 2050, 100 million will be diagnosed worldwide with as many as 16 million in the states (Marsa).

The research into Alzheimer's Disease has come a long way since 1906 when it is was discovered by Alois Alzheimer. He detected microscopic brain tissue changes called senile and neuritic plaques in deceased patients. These are chemical deposits consisting of protein molecules called Amyloid Precursor Protein(APP) that are fundamental components of a normal brain. However in the brain of an Alzheimer patient, an enzyme cuts the APP apart and leaves fragments in the brain tissue. These combined with degenerating nerve cells cause the plaques or lesions. These lesions are found in many sections of the brain including the hippocampus which regulates emotion and memory, the basal forebrain, and especially the basal nucleus of Meynert and the cortex, where the memory function is located.(2) Another sign of a diseased brain are neurofibrillary tangles, which are malformations within nerve cells.