John Locke Second Practice Of Government Analysis

Punishment refers to the deliberate or intentional infliction of pain and suffering on an individual for breaching a particular law or code of conduct established in a given society. The idea of punishment has been in existence for a long stretch of time in history with philosophers weighing upon the necessity or otherwise of punishment. Inasmuch as a considerable number of philosophers agree that

"Our Revolutionary Army took on the greatest superpower of the time," said Colin Powell, former United States Secretary of State and retired four-star general of the United States Army in an interview discussing the Revolutionary War. The British settlers in America became increasingly self-sufficient and felt the British Crown was forcing high tax and denying them their civil liberties. Clearly, the British saw the colonies as a nation they could threaten. However, with a fresh enlightened perspective American 's saw the British Crown 's action as unjustly and would rebel against the crown. Eventually, The British superpower would be defeated by an unruly, inexperienced, divided America to prevail over the world 's mightiest monarch of that time.

Excessive force, here is a startling fact. CNN made this report on African-American Eric Garner and his encounter with police and his moments of death. Police tried to arrest Garner, a father of six, in front of a store for allegedly selling cigarettes. Garner raised both hands in the air and asked officers not to shoot him. Seconds later, Officer Daniel Pantaleo grabbed the 350-pound Garner in a chokehold, pulling him to the sidewalk and rolling him onto his stomach. The New York Police Department prohibits the use of chokeholds.

“I can’t breathe.” A white police officer holds unarmed African American, Eric Garner, in a chokehold for fifteen seconds on the streets of New York City. Ultimately, Garner utters eleven times for the officer to stop before he died of strangulation, only for selling loose cigarettes. Justice is about being fair and equal. Across America, the African American community has been suffocated of their unalienable rights, just like Eric Garner, by prejudices and racism within white police officers.

Police brutality is the use of excessive force when dealing with civilians. Police abuse is one of the most serious human rights violations in the United States. It has been around for decades, which leads us to the thought “Are they keeping us safe from danger or are they the danger?” There are many cases of police using excessive force. Unjustified shootings, severe beatings, tasings, and rough treatment have all contributed to the problem of police brutality in America. According to “MINTpress News”, seven hundred and seventy-six people were killed by the police in 2015. One hundred and sixty-one of the people were unarmed at the time of their death. The leading causes of police brutality are minorities being unfairly targeted, excessive force, police being increasingly militarized, and many departments not providing adequate training in nonviolent solutions.

Recently Freddie Gray, a black man, became injured while in police custody and eventually died seven days later in Baltimore; so in response, thousands of citizens rioted as tensions heightened. Agitators attacked police officers and vandalized buildings, which caused officers to utilize tear gas and pepper balls to stifle the stress (“Civil Unrest”).The protests began peacefully with a march on the streets to City Hall, and then turned into barbaric riots against all forms of the law. The sudden bursts of violence appalled

According to theguardian.com, 634 people have been killed so far in 2015 by police officers or while in custody (theguardian.com, 2015). Years of good policing practices and community trust can be jeopardized by a single act of, or perception of, the excessive use of force (EUF) by police (www.justice.gov, 2015 ). Police deal with difficult people and situations on a daily basis, one of the biggest complaints from citizens is that excessive and sometimes unnecessary force is used by police officers during arrests. In the wake of past claims of police brutality such as Rodney King and more recently publicized victims like Freddy Gray, Eric Garner, and Michael Brown, I will use the functionalist perspective to determine if giving police the liberty to exercise the force they deem necessary per arrest situation is effective or if stricter guidelines for the use of force and training is needed to deal with citizens. I believe most citizens exert some type of resistive behavior when they feel they are being unlawfully arrested. I will investigate separate claims of excessive force use by police against citizens in America. I will also look at other countries’ police brutality complaints to determine if the issue lies mainly in America or if it is a global issue. I will use the inductive research method as well as qualitative research such as present and historical data, past journals, court cases, news publications, and statistical data to conclude my findings.

In today’s world, police brutality has become a type of misconduct that American police officers are getting accustomed to utilizing against American citizens. On July 17, 2014, Eric Garner died in Staten Island, New York after ununiformed police officer Daniel Pantaleo placed Garner into a chokehold after Pantaleo had attempted to arrest Garner for selling untaxed cigarettes. After being put into a chokehold for fifteen seconds, Garner became unconscious and suffered a cardiac arrest while being transported to the hospital (Goldstein and Schweber). According to the National Police Misconduct Reporting Project in Figure 1, 23.8% of 6,613 officers were accused of using excessive force among people. In recent years, cases of police brutality

Even though the American colonists are their own entity, the British government still assumed control over the colonies. Situations such as the belief that the Parliament “had the right to impose taxes on the colonists” increased the distaste of the colonies to the British (Boundless). Though the Parliament had virtual representation, or “the members of Parliament spoke for the interests of all British subjects rather than for the interests of only the district that elected them” over the colonies, the colonies argued that since there is no direct representation, or “proposed form of representative democracy where each representative’s vote is weighted in proportion to the number of citizens who have chosen that candidate to represent them”

This system stems from John Locke’s theory on civil society and the extent of legislative power, stating that the civil government’s job is to protect the people’s natural rights, and he believes that the absolute monarchy he lives under does not provide that protection. Locke explains, “…(man) could never be safe nor at rest, nor think themselves in civil society, till the legislature was placed in collective bodies of men, call them senate, parliament, or what you please.” He believes that absolute monarchy places no common authority over all people; thus, by placing power in one person, the entire society deteriorates. Since the monarch can encroach on people's property and wellbeing without fear of punishment, the people lack the protection, comfort, and motivation to contribute to the good of the society. Thus, Locke clarifies that “No man in civil society can be exempted from the laws of it.” This causes the person in power to fear punishment from encroaching on people’s property or wellbeing and protects from the political domination they would be imposing if the law did not apply to them. If the person in power continued to impinge on people’s natural rights, Locke then believed that the people had the right to a revolution against their tyrannous monarch. Locke justifies this, saying “This I am sure, whoever, either ruler or subject, by force goes about to invade the rights of either prince or people, and lays the foundation for overturning the constitution and frame of any just government, is highly guilty of the greatest crime, I think, a man is capable of, being to answer for all those mischiefs of blood, rapine, and desolation, which the breaking to pieces of government bring on a country.” Locke’s basis of natural rights

John Locke and the founding father did not include every single right in the Constitution, however, that does not mean that a right can be claimed without the people’s consent. In the Second Treatise of Government, John Lock discusses the prerogative right that a President can claim. The prerogative right is the right of a president to “act according to discursion for the public good” . Executive Privilege is not usually an issue when the President acts in the common good of individuals because most individuals understand why the action is taken. When an action is for the public good, “the people are very seldom or never scrupulous or nice in the point or questioning of prerogative whilst it is in any tolerable degree employed for the use it

On July 17th of last year Eric Garner was stopped by the police to be confronted about selling untaxed loose cigarettes illegally. Eric Garner verbally resisted arrest by arguing with the cops about the terms of his arrest. After bickering for a few minutes the cops proceed to perform a chokehold like maneuver, which acted as a catalyst toward the imminent death that would come of Garner. Prior to Garner’s encounter with Daniel Pantaleo his aggressor and rest of the NYPD cops, he already had several health issues such as diabetes and asthma. Consequently, this sparked a powder key of mammoth proportions, with outbreaks of destructive riots and protests. Furthermore, two notable contrasting interpretations of this controversial case are those

John Locke was an incredibly encouraging figure in the development of the ideals and methods of political functioning in the United States of America. John Locke applied many of his studies to write one of his most famous and moving works. “The Second Treatises of Government” is the document which ultimately struck the United States in their creation of the Declaration of Independence. In Locke’s work he had focused on the idea that governments shouldn’t be dictated by anyone person, but ultimately should be a united entity in which everyone in the country has a say in what is happening. For example, John Locke believed that the government should be in charge of deciding who should be the leading figure of power and protecting their citizens’ “Life, Liberty, and Property”. He also believed that if the government failed to fulfill their duties of protecting their people and establishing a limit of power for the leading figure of the country, it was the responsibility of the citizens to “overthrow the government.” John Locke kept a similar mindset to that of Hobbes when it comes to the government and its power. Locke’s work and ideas would go on to be highly influential upon Thomas Jefferson during the process of writing the draft of the Declaration of Independence. In this document Jefferson kept very close ties to Locke’s ideas to create what he believed would be the ideal government.

The United States was created by the separation from a tyrannical king. A new colony formed in pursuit of one topic; religious freedom. The founding fathers were arranged to present relief from the king’s ruling. In a time of desperation, the founding fathers were pushed into creating a new form of government that would meet the needs of the people, yet still maintain ordinance. The Mayflower Compact was the first blueprint for the establishment of democracy used present. However, John Locke’s second treatise of government and the Magna Carta is what really gave the founding fathers the foundation that shaped the government known today.

In the United States of America, law enforcement have been the guardians of protection and the enforcers of law. Although it may seems like everything is going to be peaceful, law enforcement officers have used abused their authority within the community. Police brutality is getting worse in the United States, which caused fears among citizens. Researchers stated that law enforcement officers informed them that brutality is the first step on abandoning their integrity (Ivkovic, 2005). In today’s society, police officer must warn the suspect on his or her right to have an attorney and to remain silent. When a police officer is trying to subdue a suspect at a crime scene, he or she must not use a level of force that can results in civil liability