An Application Of Contingent Valuation Method

The Central Valley Project (CVP) is a Federal water project set up and run by the US Bureau of Reclamation to provide water for the Central Valley in California. Through twenty dams and reservoirs the CVP facilitates the collection and delivery of water for irrigation, municipal, and industrial use, as well as producing hydropower, providing flood control and recreational facilities on their reservoirs. The CVP provide a good example of how cost allocation works within a vast organization. I will use this organization to describe the method used by the CVP to allocate cost and whether I agree or disagree with their methods. I will also be identifying situations where common costs are allocated. I will explain the impact of allocating

The Chesapeake Bay is one of the largest and most useful renewable resources not only in the United States, but in the world. The Chesapeake can be replenished naturally and has been used for hundreds of years. There are many use and non-use values of the Chesapeake. Use value implies that attributes of nature are being utilized in some sense. In the case of the Chesapeake this can refer to the crabbing, fishing, ecotourism and scenic values of the bay. Ecotourism is when people visit a natural or environmental resource to engage in outdoor recreation of some sort. Non-use values are values expressed by humans simply for the existence of natural resources. Two more specific non-use values to the Chesapeake would be option value and

Decisions regarding environmental problems require both knowledge and values. Placing value on specific issues can be sorted into four categories of justification: utilitarian, ecological, aesthetic and moral. California Blue focuses on the interplay of environmental issues and ethics emphasizing the conflict between industry and species preservation. Timber cutting in the Northwest United States is a mainstay of the economy. Although clear cutting is not as environmentally sensitive as selective harvesting and redwood cutting, some is essential to America's continued growth and prosperity. To ban timber operations and to throw people out of work, all to preserve an endangered blue butterfly, is to test the limits and logic of ecological priorities. The national policy of preserving endangered species serves the purpose of promoting biological diversity, which if not followed might threaten the ecosystem. This national policy of species preservation is a matter of social policy balanced with the competing interests of the local economy and human needs. Under the utilitarian approach one must balance the benefits of species preservation with the detriment of stopping human activity which threatens that species or the environment in which the

My review and analysis focused on the following sources: 1) peer review scientific journal, 2) popular articles including magazine and newspaper commentaries, 3) water right contracts, 4) legal cases including case law, and 5) various environmental assessments. Whenever possible I site source, papers, and evidence.

The environment, and recreational activities that are essential to the outdoors, have also been negatively impacted by this system for allocating water rights. The issue of whether or not this system is equitable towards environmental protection has been raised because environmental organizations typically do not have the same funds as other entities, such as cities and towns, oil, gas, and energy companies, and manufacturing. Furthermore, as Jones and Cech point out, “environmental concerns continue to be underrepresented in Colorado water law and policy” (p. 712). This has created a situation similar to agriculture, where environmental concerns become second thoughts to those of M&I, giving rise to environmental issues across the state. These environmental issues can have an effect on residents throughout Colorado, from anglers who enjoy healthy streams and rivers for fishing, to kayakers and rafters who need flowing rivers to recreate

It is the area of what amount of payment is adequate that is most frequently contested in a condemnation matter. In order to show that the amount offered adequately compensates the owner it is usually necessary to look at comparable sales in the area and the current use of the land. Looking at these factors is a good way to show for what type of use the land is most suited. If the proposed use does not make the most of the possibilities, the amount of compensation offered may not be

The Biodiversity Treaty sanctioned that countries whose biological resources are exploited by bioprospecting companies have a right to share the financial benefits resulting from the sale of these resources (Adair, 1997). National parklands are owned by the federal government. Therefore, our national parks have the legal right to share in the financial benefits that

It also details conservative techniques which can be used to preserve the wetlands in Eastern South Dakota. The USDA in 2007 reported that during 2006-2007, South Dakota sought a 16 percent increase in acres of corn planted for the production of ethanol (quoted in Bouchard 2007, 59). Consequently, an increase in corn production could predict a scenario where wetlands begin to be used for agricultural purposes. The purpose of the wetlands has changed which will have a positive and negative effect on the economy and the environment. Environmentally, ecosystems are destroyed, while there is economic growth. The environmental and economic decisions on the wetlands change its purpose – demonstrating that the landscape is simply powerful because it can be

One of such resources that are exploited by a human being is south Florida ecosystem in the Kissimmee-Okeechobee-Everglades ecosystem is water resource. Most of the water in the river the Kissimmee and Lake Okeechobee have been converted to the canal of agricultural water. As a result, ecosystem within the river and lake- terrestrial ecosystem was destroyed as some of the surrounding wetland were destroyed and this destruction had an impact on the survival of the ecosystems without sufficient flowing water to support it. The result of this destruction was the loss of 20,000 acres of the wetlands. Another exploitation that occurs in this ecosystem is clearing of forest for timbers used for construction and agricultural land (Kiker, C. F., Milon, J. W., & Hodges, A. W.

If we have fifty foot buffers, farmers get a lot of their land taken away and they don’t get anything in return. If farmers have to have fifty feet between their field and a wetland. However, it’s still considered their land so they still have to pay tax for the land they can’t touch. Even though half of Minnesota’s water is unsupportable for living organisms, it’s not all a farmers fault. If you look at a lot of

Water rights, irrigation, canals & ditches, noxious weeds, water hydrology and quality, and land use

Not everyone benefits equally from lion conservation strategies- locals who are in conflict with these animals would not value lion conservation efforts as highly (or even at all) as compared to tourists travelling vast distances to come for safari holidays to see these wild lions. The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was first proposed by Ciriacy-Wantrup in 1947, and has since become an increasingly popular “technique for evaluating goods that are not physically traded” (Nomura and Akai, 2004: 455), such as lions, and providing an accurate prediction of the behaviour of this good if it were a real market (Horowitz, McConnell and Murphy, 2012). The CVM method is based upon the intentions of individuals’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a given resource, and in this case this resource being lion conservation. With most African lions situated inside national parks such as the Kruger and Serengeti national parks creates management boundaries for authorities to target and work within for these conservation policies. The CVM can be used here to evaluate lion conservation for both tourists and locals by asking these groups separately about what their WTP would be for lion conservation if it were to protect the future populations. To carry out the WTP survey participants should be given background information about the reduction in lion populations over time, future reductions if the status quo remains, and then asked an open-ended question about what

Using the functionalist paradigm research method fits seeing most people share the consensus they do not want property taxes to go up. In this town it could also be agreed the lake brings in tourist increasing revenue for the community and keeping property taxes lower. Another consensus would be based on quantitative research and environmental lobbyist it is only a matter of time until laws will be pass leading to mandatory water cleanup. Without a water quality plan for the future the community will be affected as a whole. The effects include but are not limited to poor water quality, decreased

In the assessment there were only two alternatives, purchasing the land was the first alternative and the second was to take no action (Vinkey, 2006). These both are fine as actions that can be taken; however, there are organizations that will procure land for conservation purposes. The Safari Club Foundation uses private donations and other procurements to promote conservation and game preserves (Safari, n. d.). The statement that “a conservation easement or lease are not feasible alternatives (Vinkey, 2006)” suggests a lack of options. This seems to be a bias on the part of the author.

Cost benefit analysis can be used to assist in the decision making of a proposed project. The proposed project is to make a scenic forested area into a national park. However there is controversy as the opposition wants to use the land for timber and agriculture. The first step in conducting a CBA is to identify the costs and benefits of the proposed project (Harris et al 2006). Benefits will include income gained as well as indirect benefits such as environmental benefits. The benefits of a national park are income from tourist and camping areas. The land can be used for carbon sequestration and to reduce pollution and natural disasters such as the effect of flooding. Costs include any direct expenses related to the project such as construction and maintenance costs. Costs also include opportunity costs such as income forgone from the agriculture and timber industries.