An Efficient Protocol For Service Discovery In Wireless Sensor Network Lab Report

A routing protocol is required to find routes between nodes within the network. We are presenting two different routing protocols and their evaluation and then provide a comparison and discussion of their respective advantages and drawbacks. ABR (Associativity Based Routing) and RSR (Robust Source Routing) protocol. In ABR protocol, a route is selected based on nodes having associativity states that imply periods of stability. The ABR protocol is suitable for mobility in ad hoc wireless networks. Whereas the RSR is secure, on-demand, multi –path, source routing protocol.

A group of wireless sensor nodes (devices) dynamically constructs a temporary network without the exercise of any pre-existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. The main goal of ad-hoc networking is multihop broadcasting in which packets are transferred from source node to destination node through the intermediate nodes (hops). The main function of multi hop WSN is to enable communication between two terminal devices through a bit of middle nodes, which are transferring information from one level to another level. On the foundation of network connectivity, it dynamically gets to determine that which nodes should get included in routing, each node involved in routing transmit the data to further

The Montresor (2000) paper outlines a new approach which is christened Anthill, for designing P2P applications based on comparisons to ant colonies. It continues with proposing a framework to support the development and study of new protocols based on a P2P approach. The paper considers how there are common issues such as security and routing that are applicable to P2P projects however conventional algorithm techniques to resolve these issues are deemed inappropriate. Therefore Anthill is proposed as a framework to support researchers in the design and the analysis of new P2P algorithms.

With the furtherance of computer networks extending boundaries and joining distant locations, wireless sensor networks (WSN) emerged as the new frontier in developing opportunities in order to collect and process data from remote locations. A wireless sensor network is a collection of nodes organized in a cooperative manner. Multiple sensor nodes arranged in proximity to sense an event and subsequently transmit sensed and collected information to a remote processing unit or base station. The nodes are able to communicate wirelessly and often self-organize after being deployed in an ad hoc fashion. More than 1000s or even 10,000 nodes are expected. Currently, wireless sensor

A paper authored by Montresor (2001) outlines a new approach, aptly christened Anthill, for designing peer-to-peer (P2P) applications based on comparisons to ant colonies. The paper proposes a framework to assist with the development of fresh protocols for P2P methodologies. The author considers how there are issues that typically apply to P2P projects such as security and routing for which conventional algorithm techniques for resolving these issues are deemed inappropriate. Therefore Anthill is proposed as a framework to support individuals in the investigation and design of innovative P2P algorithms.

Sensor network protocols have a unique capability self-organizing. Another interesting feature of wireless sensor networks is that the sensor nodes cooperate with each other. Sensor nodes have an in-built processor, using which before transmission raw data is processed. These features facilitate wide range of applications of wireless sensor networks like biomedical, environmental, military, event detection and vehicular telematics.

Abstract: LEACH TDMA schedules of each cluster are built independently. This can lead to collisions among clusters if the same channel is allotted to more than one overlapping clusters at the same time. To reduce this type of interference, in LEACH each cluster communicates using different CDMA codes. Thus, when a node is elected as CH, it chooses randomly from a list of spreading codes and informs all the nodes in the cluster to transmit using this spreading code. Hence all clusters can have intra-cluster communication in parallel. However, in large WSNs, as number of clusters increases self-noise generated by these codes may cross threshold limit and reach capacity limit. This forces to look at multiple channel use for improved throughput and energy-efficiency. We present an energy-efficient multi-channel routing protocol (CFCA) for wireless sensor networks. By computing the size of each cluster and identifying non-overlapping clusters, the proposed method allows channel reuse within WSN. This algorithm optimizes number of channels required for the given WSN.

This paper is also proposed a frame work for the simulation of the wireless sensor networks and the applications of WSN are that proposed an algorithm. The applications of wireless sensor networks is spreading rapidly form the last ten years in many areas like mostly in the areas called militaries, defence, large buildings, industries, and in many commercial buildings. Due to the advancement in wireless sensor networks the sensors with low power and the modules equipped with radio devices is now replaced with the wired sensors. These small modules (tiny) can be known as motes will collect all the information from the environment by using the motes and is also working like neurons.

Multiple autonomous, tiny, low-cost and low-power sensor nodes comprise a wireless sensors network (WSN). The sensors nodes are equipped with various types of sensors such as thermal , acoustic, chemical, pressure, weather and optical sensors which gather information from various nodes and collaborate to forward sensed data to base stations for further processing. WSNs designers have to address common issues related to data aggregation, data reliability,

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of large number of sensor nodes and at least one base station. The sensor node is an autonomous small device that consists of mainly four units that are sensing, information gathering, processing and communication. In wireless sensor network there of many issues that are much affects in communication, processing and in deployments. The main issue is its coverage and connectivity problem. Most of the times communications does not prohibited properly amongst sensors and base station due lacking of ranges problem. Full coverage and connectivity means that every location in the field is covered by at least one node and

With the recent technological advancements in smaller sensor devices with ubiquitous sensing and monitoring capabilities, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are evolving as one of the most significant technologies of 21st century (Ruiz-Garcia, Lunadei, Barreiro, & Robla, 2009). Though wired networks provide more stable and reliable communication, wireless networking does provide more advantages with connectivity without being tethered. WSN with dense wireless networks of small, low cost sensors for collecting and disseminating environment data has facilitated connecting, monitoring and controlling of physical environments and environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, pressure from remote locations with better accuracy which are not possible with wired networks (Potnis & Rajeshwari, 2015). Moreover, with the unique characteristics of flexibility, energy efficiency, distributed intelligence, low cost and most importantly with very good sensing and monitoring capabilities, WSNs are serving wide range of applications in various fields including remote environmental monitoring, home security, industry applications, military purposes such as target tracking by preparing and providing a ubiquitous computing environment (Ruiz-Garcia et al., 2009).

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a computer network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations.[1] The development of wireless sensor networks was originally motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance. However, wireless sensor networks are now used in many civilian application areas, including environment and habitat monitoring, healthcare applications, home automation, and traffic control.[1][2]

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of large number of sensor nodes distributed across a geographical area in highly dense manner. These nodes are of low cost and use less energy to perform various functions. These sensors have the ability to communicate with each other and route the data to next node or back to the Base Station (BS). Sensor nodes in a sensor network communicate with other nodes and collect the information.

To solve the problems of flooding, an approach known as gossiping, has been proposed [ref]. Gossiping uses a simple forwarding method and does not need costly topology maintenance. It uses a randomized rule to forward data packets. Each sensor node transmits the incoming data packet to a randomly selected neighbor. After receiving the data packet, the neighbor randomly chooses one of its own neighbors and transmits the packet to the neighbor chosen. This process continues until the data packet reaches its destination or the hop count is exceeded. Gossiping limits the number of data packets that each sensor node is sent to its neighbor to one copy which avoids the implosion problem. However, random selection of neighboring node is an unsafe

Load balance and node distribution: Most of the routing protocols that opts Cluster head architecture, don’t consider even distribution of nodes under cluster. For example, one clusterhead have 10 nodes and other cluster head have only two nodes. The energy of the cluster head with 10 nodes, will drained fastly as compared to the cluster head with two nodes only. The design of EEHCBF protocol considersthe feature of evenly distribution of the nodes under cluster head.