An Epic Of Old Mali

Within the realm of history, a source of evidence is essential in order to differentiate the fact from fiction. This is why a primary source is so vital! Because, a primary source provides the reader with direct evidence of an event or a speech; giving them a better understanding of the material. The only problem is: these sources do not provide the full facts, leaving the readers with a plethora of questions. Don’t get me wrong though, the readers should be asking a lot of questions! Because, with all of those questions, the reader can be engaged with the content in order to find some concrete evidence.

Throughout the history of mankind, almost every culture has an epic poem, a poetic narrative about significant event, often featuring a luminary. The epic of Sundiata is a story that was memorized orally and passed by griots for centuries. Mamadou Kouyate the original griot who tells the story explains that Sundiata’s father Maghan Kon Fatta was the king of a city called Niani. A soothsaying hunter tells the king that he produce an heir that would become a significant leader through impregnating an ugly woman. The hunters offer the king a woman named Sogolon to be his wife, the hunters received her by the means of defeating a repulsive buffalo. Sogolon is described as hideous and has a hunchback. The king takes Sogolon as his second wife and

People had seen one-eyed kings, one –armed kings, and lame kings, but a stiff –legged king had never been heard tell of. No matter how great the destiny promised for Mari Djata might be, the throne could not be given to someone who had no power in his legs; if the jinn loved him, let them begin by giving him the use of his legs.”(67). The harsh remarks to Sundiata’s mother broke her spirit, she had of her son becoming the next king of Mali despite the prophecy. At the age of seven Sundiata still crawled while the other kids his age flourished. However, all of these challenges Sundiata had to faced created his character. Sundiata’s vulnerability makes his accomplishments even more special because he was so difference from everyone else within the Mali town.

Trusting history can be a tall order, as the surety of accurate records is often questioned and the reliability of history records is brought under scrutiny. In his article, Waltke seeks to address these issues by arguing that history, particularly in regards to the ancient Near East, can be trusted not because of oral tradition, but because early civilizations accurately recorded historical events via manuscript.

Amongst many other things, the epic is implicitly an exploration of what qualities define Sundiata as a hero, and by extension, what virtues are heroic. The most glaring is his strength. Even when he is crippled as a child and cannot walk, the boy has strong arms. But when he finally stands, he surprises everyone, bending an enormous rod to a bow and pulling a tree up by its roots. Another quality is his bravery, most clearly illuminated by his skill and grit in battle. But Sundiata has more than animal strength – he shows patience, interest in other peoples and ways, and humility before the magic of the world. Because of these qualities, he is more than a great hunter or warrior: he is a great king.

In Telling the Truth About History, three historians discuss how the expanded skepticism and the position that relativism has reduced our capacity to really know and to expound on the past. The book talks about the written work of history and how individuals are battling with the issues of what is “truth.” It likewise examines the post-modernist development and how future historians

We as knowledge seekers must carefully consider different aspects of each article of history and not make the mistake of believing everything we read in order to fully understand an article about our history.  We must understand the author that wrote it and interviews that have taken place.  This will enable us to look deeper

Heroes are the people who demonstrate qualities of courage or outstanding achievements and are recognized for their influence in the society. Heroic characters are defined similarly in literatures as well. In the two literatures, Sundiata An Epic of Old Mali and The Odyssey, the main characters shape the plot the stories by their heroic abilities. The literatures also tend to illustrate how heroic qualities were perceived and portrayed in societies. Both characters come from different part of the world yet their plots are similar to each other. The protagonist from two literatures is on a quest to go home and to claim their ancestors’ throne, which is righteously theirs.

History writing has evolved much over time with the contributions of many people. In the modern sense, it can be traced back to ancient Greece and China, where historians Herodotus and Sima Qian began keeping records of human existence. Although they were not literally the first people to write history, together they are named the first great historians of the Western world and the East because of their individual innovations and extensive work that has long affected history writing up until this day. There is much to debate when it comes to the greatness of these ancient historians, and although some believe they were both important and successful in what their works, The Histories and The Records of a Historian, accomplished, others

Sundiata has quite a few main themes throughout the book. During the core of the book the griot makes clear that man does not have power nor control over his own life. Sundiata's rise is predicted by soothsayers even before he is born, and a lot of his way towards the founding of the empire is basically a step towards grasping his destiny in life. The griot giggles at people who would challenge to disrupt or work against fate, for it happens to be something that is permanent. Among countless other things, the epic is indirectly an exploration of what assets explain Sundiata as an idol, and by allowance, what qualities are brave. when Sundiata is crippled when he was, little and could not walk, he had tough arms. But when he finally stands

Sundiata himself is the most significant contributor to the formation of the Mali empire, however, various women hold a background role that is vital to the series of occurring events that allow Sundiata to become the king of Mali and form the Mali empire. The buffalo woman, Sogolon, and Nana Triban are all female characters who allow Sundiata the ability to fulfill his prophecy and become the king of Mali. Besides Sundiata himself, these women have some of the most important roles as compared to other secondary characters in their influence in the success of Sundiata in defeating his rival Soumaro. The buffalo woman was the catalyst for all events in the epic. If she hadn’t prophesied that Maghan Fatta would need to choose Sogolon to

The great Machiavelli once said, "Whoever wishes to foresee the future must consult the past; for human events ever resemble those of preceding times." Indeed, the study of history is important as history does seem to repeat itself. Many people in today's society learn about the past from textbooks and other books, as these are of easy access. Is this really the best way to learn about the past? The people of ancient Africa did not think so, as they had special people called "griots"who passed the people's traditions and history down orally from generation to generation. One such griot, Mamadou Kouyate, recalls the story of the most famous ruler in African history, Sundiata, in D.T. Niane's book Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali. This

Sundiata, West African King of Mali, spent most of his childhood years physically impaired, later gaining powers and capabilities to serve in his given position. Gilgamesh, on the contrary is the King of Uruk and a tyrant beast who has promiscuous characteristics. In both epics, the protagonists venture out on journeys to pursue different goals. In terms of geographic location, Sundiata’s passage occurs in western African amongst the Mande people in the Mali Empire (Miller 354). On the other hand, the Epic of Gilgamesh focuses on Sumerians in Mesopotamia (Modern day Iraq) (Miller 27, 30). The two historical epics have many parallel themes such as origins, superhuman traits, and heroism; amongst these are also many differences, for example the battles fought by both Kings and dependence on technologies in different cultures.

The sacred traditions, customs, and beliefs of ancient Mali is a story of epic proportions. To retrieve the great lineage of the First Kings of Mali and learn the history behind certain rituals told by an exquisite narrative that is perfectly woven together through different stories. The legend of Sundiata stresses the importance of understanding and respecting one’s history. In D. T. Niane’s “Sundiata An Epic of Old Mali,” the African history of Mali is presented through tribal customs, honor, and jealousy between brothers.

John Maxwell Coetzee is a South African essayist, novelist , linguist, literary critic and translator. He has also won the Noble prize in the Literature category. The following lecture ‘The Novel in Africa’ was given by him in the University of California in Doreen B.Townsend Center for the Humanities.