An Evaluation of Hiv-Aids Care and Prevention Strategies in Uk

Nearly three decades ago, there was an increase in deaths of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Developing countries have experienced the greatest HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality, with the highest prevalence rates recorded in young adults in sub-Saharan Africa. In South Africa over three million people are killed by this disease (Macfarlene3). After this epidemic spreaded in Africa and killed people it branched out to other countries in the world.

An upsetting pattern has risen inside of the previous couple of years, demonstrating a relentless increment of ladies being contaminated with HIV/AIDS every year. This pattern is particularly conspicuous in sub-Saharan Africa. While the illness is contaminating more ladies than any other time in recent memory and now represents about portion of those living with HIV around

Public Health England released a report in 2014 on the data collected about the HIV epidemic in the United Kingdom. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are shown to be the most affected demographic group and are at the highest risk of becoming infected with HIV. In 2013, 40.4% of the 107,800 people living with HIV in the UK were MSM. The main way HIV is transmitted among MSM is through serodiscordant, unprotected intercourse, that is, one HIV-positive and one HIV-negative person having unprotected anal sex. In this case both partners are at risk. The risky partner in this context is considered to be the person whose status is unknown. It is exactly because of this ignorance and the lack of protection that HIV infection is very likely to occur. According to Public Health England, 7,200 MSM, which is 16% of the total number of MSM infected with HIV, were undiagnosed and unaware of being infected with HIV. Despite that since 1990 the proportion of MSM reporting attending sex health clinics and HIV tests has increased, there are nevertheless 2,600 newly infected MSM each year. There might be several social determinants of health that contribute to the disparity in the risk of HIV acquisition and late diagnosis of the infection, including fear of the stigma surrounding HIV, general misinformation about the infection and lack of perceived individual risk. (Public Health England, 2014; Sigma Research 2008)

HIV and AIDS have affected millions of people throughout the world. Since 1981, there have been 25 million deaths due to AIDS involving men, women, and children. Presently there are 40 million people living with HIV and AIDS around the world and two million die each year from AIDS related illnesses. The Center for Disease Control estimates that one-third of the one million Americans living with HIV are not aware that they have it. The earliest known case of HIV was in 1959. It was discovered in a blood sample from a man in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Looking further into the genetics of this blood sample researchers suggested that it had originated from a virus going back to the late 1940’s or early 1950’s. In 1999,

In order to have an accurate overview of the HIV epidemic of all medical center, reports on the positively diagnosed patients, care and treatment provided and notification of HIV deaths are documented. This aids in the determination of the prevalence of the disease within each of the regions and the impact the disease has on the country (MOH, 2013).

When it comes to HIV/AIDS, it is still today regarded as the most critical epidemic that affects a significant number of people in the world’s population. HIV statistics for the end of 2013 indicate that around 35 million people are currently living with HIV worldwide, 38 percent less than in 2001. In the same year, around 2.1 million people became infected with HIV and 1.5 million died of AIDS-related illnesses. HIV and AIDS are found in all parts of the world, however some areas are more affected than others (“Global HIV & AIDS Epidemic,” 2014).

In equal important, today, we knew HIV/AIDS is very dangerous disease in society. It is a nightmare that all

As AIDS continues to engulf the globe with disease, there are more and more people who are being affected by it. Here in the United States, there were over 56,300 new HIV infections in 2006 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Yet, the numbers of new infections are only the

Globally, there is good news. In 2011 the World Health Organization (WHO) claimed that the HIV/AIDs epidemic was declining in their “Global HIV/AIDS Response” progress report (Progress Report 2011). Each continent and region, however, showed different changes in their rates of HIV/AIDS (Progress Report 2011). In North America, and specifically in the United States, the incidence of HIV has been constant for the past several years (Progress Report 2011). Despite the stability of this disease, the proportions of who is becoming infected are alarming (Progress Report 2011).

A sophisticated research indicates that approximately “50,000 people including men and women in Unites States are diagnosed with HIV every year”. There are countless distinctive strains of the popular disease known to be HIV and therefore t is classified in two types. “Type 1 HIV is most common worldwide but controversy. HIV type 2 is found mostly in Africa, with some cases in India and Europe” (Nordqvist). With the proper level of treatment and care, many people with HIV are capable of living a long and active life.

Another vector, agent of propagation of the disease, called At-Risk groups, is formed of prostitutes and drugs addicts. These groups should be subjected to a HIV/testing every six months. Lots of evidence existing in venereal diseases cases, identified by the Control of Disease Center (CDC), show prostitution and intravenous drugs use are the potential foci of the HIV infection. The multiplication of sexual partners and the exchange of needles in drugs use have caused the proliferation of the disease. In 1991, the Thailand’s government had enumerated “143, 000 new infections cases accrued in a country of roughly 65 millions people” (Behrman 113). The same year, that government had projected “10 million HIV infection cases by 2010” (114). Therefore Thailand has set up an educational program of prevention and control of the AIDS, massive public information campaign, mass condoms distribution among prostitutes rings, and a comprehensive needle exchange program”(114). From 1991 to 1995, a behavioral change of the prostitutes has been registered bringing Thailand’s annual rate of infection “from 143,000 to

The HIV virus is very epidemiological in nature. (“HIV/AIDS” 6) The virus is not commonly found in small quantities, it usually ravishes through different countries because it is so infectious and devastating to the affected patients. The epidemic in South Africa is generalized, affecting the common population not just certain high risk groups, and driven largely by sexual transmission. There are large differences

At the end of 2011, the reported new cases of the virus had confirmed diagnoses and give a total figure of around 34 million globally. HIV virus has ascended over the years and is still on the rise causing concern for the welfare of society worldwide, although this is said to be stabilising due to the number of people accessing anti-retroviral treatment worldwide. AIDS (the final stage of HIV) has taken the lives of over 30 million people globally from the outbreak of the first epidemic in the early 1980’s. (Avert.org, 2014 worldwide HIV and AIDS statistics).

AIDS is transmitted from the HIV virus through blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk to others from infected host (1). The virus can be spread through sexual contact by oral, vaginal, or anal sex; receiving a blood transfusion, injection involving needles, artificial insemination and organ transplants from an infected donor. Transmission from mother to child during pregnancy (intrauterine) from shared blood circulation while in fetus, delivery, or after pregnancy when nursing infant from breast milk of infected mother (9). The exact mechanism of mother

The purpose discussed in the research study is clear and indicative of what the research hopes to cover. The research study is about assessing HIV/AIDS awareness and knowledge among women in reproductive age group between 15-45 years and its mode of transmission in Bareilly district of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. The