An Examination Into the View of Perception (Pratyaksa) According the Nyaya School of Philosophy.

Rationalists would claim that knowledge comes from reason or ideas, while empiricists would answer that knowledge is derived from the senses or impressions. The difference between these two philosophical schools of thought, with respect to the distinction between ideas and impressions, can be examined in order to determine how these schools determine the source of knowledge. The distinguishing factor that determines the perspective on the foundation of knowledge is the concept of the divine.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to defend a broad concept of visual perception, according to which it is a sufficient condition for visual perception that subjects receive visual information in a way which enables them to give reliably correct answers about the objects presented to them. According to this view, blindsight, non-epistemic seeing, and conscious visual experience count as proper types of visual perception. This leads to two consequences concerning the role of the phenomenal qualities of visual experiences. First, phenomenal qualities are not necessary in order to see something, because in the case of blindsight, subjects can see objects without experiences phenomenal

Sense perception is a way to gain information by using our sense: touch, feel, taste, see, hear, and smell, it is a way of knowing. When it comes to ways of knowing, like sense perception, it is questionable whether or not it affects us in a positive or negative way. It can be argued if it is leading us in the wrong direction. If you see it, do you believe it?

Perception is the way in which we view reality, ourselves, others and the world around us. The reality is the real state of things. In fact, it is how things are, whether we perceive them to be or not. Perceptions are based on experience and then experience leads to belief. Most feel their beliefs are true, however, all they have is their perception. Perception comes from how they choose to describe their experiences, or how they have been taught to understand them. Truth does not always come from experience; it comes from facts and

To have a belief in something is not to be mistaken as having knowledge of something, for these terms (belief and knowledge) are not to be seen as synonymous. This is further explored within the written philosophical work titled On Certainty by Ludwig Wittgenstien. This piece stands as a response to G.E. Moore’s written work “A Proof of The External World”. As way to justify that there is a world external of our sense, Moore uses his hand as a (sufficient) tool. This because he believes that what can be known through immediate sense experience is how one can acquire “commonsense” knowledge. To Moore, commonsense knowledge is knowledge that denies the possibility of doubt, which in turn lays down a foundation for all knowledge.

The Platonic separation of perception and knowledge proves to be problematic because it offers a powerfully complex record of recognition and its relationship to knowlege. As a consequence of its portrayal of judgment, the ideology gives unreasonable conclusions that every individual are faultlessly right at whatever point they see, accept, or think something. The undeniable misleading quality of this ideology demonstrates the hazardous philosophical errors that can result from the inaccurate thinking of sense awareness, while the supernatural assets that the hypothesis creates to portray recognition proves to offer a predominant representation of sense awareness.

ABSTRACT: My goal in this paper is to defend the claim that one can directly perceive an object without possessing any descriptive beliefs about this object. My strategy in defending this claim is to rebut three arguments that attack my view of direct perception. According to these arguments, the notion of direct perception as I construe it is objectionable since: (1) it is epistemically worthless since it leaves perceived objects uninterpreted; (2) it cannot explain how perceived objects are identified; and (3) it is ill-prepared to assign objective content to perceptual states.

Knowledge is an extensive concept which has no precise definition since it has no end or limit. In a constantly changing world, several individuals have different upbringings, prejudices, viewpoints and the way we perceive or understand certain things may be different from how they are in reality. Firstly sense perception, in this case is simply what the eyes see, the nose smells, the ears hear or the body feels. Secondly, reality is not a subjective knowledge, but rather an objective one.

Perception is defined as how you look at others and the world around you. Being able to select, organize and intercept information starts the perceptual process. Perception affects the way people communicate with others. An individual’s pattern of thinking can affect their perception of others. Most people communicate best with people of similar cultures.

There are four different sources of knowledge: perception, introspection, reason and memory. All our knowledge roots from our perception. Perception is the way humans sense the world outside the body. We perceive through our five senses: see, hear, smell, taste, and touch. Humans gain knowledge through experiences and experience through perception. Usually we can trust our senses to perceive our surroundings effectively but there are times we misperceive. Illusions, hallucinations or impediments of the accurate flow of information to our senses are examples of misperceptions. For example if someone hits their head causing their vision to blur or impedes them from effectively processing what occurring around them, then they shouldn’t trust their senses. Another example would be an anxiety attack causing a signal of threat to the brain also preventing the person from correctly processing their surroundings. If nothing can prove we are misperceiving then we have good reason to be believe our senses.

perception and reality - perception being the evident meaning of each symbol and reality, being

In order for us to have knowledge, these concepts a priori have to be united, synthesized. Therefore, in general, we need two concepts for knowledge; synthesis and receptivity. Synthesis, as mentioned above, is when we use the data we obtained from senses and unite it together with intuition and receptivity, as defined by Kant “can make knowledge possible only when joined with spontaneity” (52). This spontaneity arises from the threefold synthesis which he lays out for us in the rest of the deduction; the synthesis of apprehension, the synthesis of reproduction, and the synthesis of recognition.

Today in society, many people are free to follow which ever philosophical view that they feel is right for them. Each philosophical view has a different set of beliefs, and many philosophers went through great lengths to prove that the philosophical view of their choice was the best one. In this paper I will be talking about two philosophical theories. The first one is called Empiricism, and it was made famous by a philosopher named David Hume. Empiricism states that our knowledge should come from sensory experience, impressions, and observation. The other philosophical view I will be taking about is called Rationalism. Many people who don’t agree with empiricism lean more towards Rationalism. Rationalism was made famous by a

Ans 3:- Perception is a process, by which we study the world around us, world that consist persons, objects and its experiences. Perception is unique to each person, two people cannot experience the world exactly the same at a time. Perception process occurs in four stages,