An Experiment On The Chemical Toxicity And Analgesic Properties Essay

Instead of approximately 28 mL of water being added, 140 mL of water was added. To correctly identify the compound, it was concentrated with nitrogen while the container was placed in a boiling water bath. After being concentrated enough, the experiment was able to continue. To confirm that the unknown was acetanilide, a comparison of the melting points between the acetanilide, phenacetin and the unknown was performed which led to confirming that the unknown was

The synthesis of acetaminophen involves the attraction of the electrophilic carbonyl group of acetic anhydride to the nucleophilic NH2

Aspirin was synthesized by reacting salicylic acid with acetic anhydride in the presence of phosphoric acid, H3PO4, as a catalyst:

Salicylic acid was esterfied using acetic acid and sulfuric acid acting as a catalyst to produce acetylsalicylic acid and acetic acid. The phenol group that will attack the carbonyl carbon of the acetic anhydride is the –OH group that is directly attached to the benzene since it is more basic than the –OH group attached to the carbonyl group. This method of forming acetylsalicylic acid is an esterification reaction. Since this esterification reaction is not spontaneous, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst to initiate the reaction. Sulfuric acid serves as the acid catalyst since its conjugate base is a strong deprotonating group that is necessary in order for this reaction to be reversible. The need for the strong conjugate base is the reason why other strong acids such as HCl is not used since its conjugate base Cl- is very weak compared to HSO3-. After the reaction was complete some unreacted acetic anhydride and salicylic acid was still be present in

Sodium bicarbonate has a molar mass of 84.0 g/mol. It has a melting point of 50°C and can be an irritant.

The purpose of this lab was to synthesize aspirin, determine the theoretical yield, compare the percent yield to the theoretical yield and test the purity of aspirin by adding Iron (III) chloride to the product.

I transported Mr. Baumchen to the Genesee County jail for a breath test. When at the Genesee County Jail I read Mr. Baumchen his chemical test right at 04:40 a.m. Mr. Baumchen agreed to the breath test.

The objective of this lab is to synthesize acetaminophen from p-aminophenol. The techniques used to do so, consist of: reflux with heat to allow reaction to occur at a reasonable time period, extraction and filtration to isolate the desired product, and characterization of the product by analyzing IR spectras and melting points. Acetaminophen considered synthesized, primarily due to the IR spectrum exhibiting all the bond vibrations is the amide group. The percent yield of 124.6% imply that there was a mechanical error that occurred, thus, also tampering with the progression of the chemical reaction. The wide melting point range of 165 C-169 C denote the impurity of the acetaminophen product.

Over the past year, heroin has become even more deadly as the drug is now being laced with the elephant tranquilizer carfentanil. An April 27, 2017, article in Ars Technica describes the drug as being 100 times stronger than fentanyl and 10,000 times stronger than morphine. Carfentanil is a derivative of fentanyl, and it comes in the form of a pill, a powder, or a patch on the streets. It only takes two milligrams of carfentanil, which is the same as a few grains of salt, to knock out a 2,000-pound elephant. A person ingesting this amount of carfentanil will die.

Hamza, Willoughby, and Armiento (2014) designed an experiment to test the hypothesis that self-punishment motivations for NSSI engagement are associated with increased pain threshold and tolerance. The participants used in this study were 82 fourth-year undergraduate students at a midsized Canadian university recruited from a larger ongoing project examining stress and coping among university students.

The purpose of the risk assessment using toxicological exposure limits are to examine an evidence concerning the potential toxicant exposure to a particular group of people, to provide where possible, an estimate of the relationship the extant of the exposure, size, and the root cause. Due to lack of adequate quantitative information human exposure assessment is considered to be inadequate.

On Tueday, May 30th, 2017, I, Detective L. Donegian received the Autopsy and Toxicology reort for Tabria Mckinnon. The Autopsy report was prepared by Docotor Kimberly Janssen. The report listed the cause and manner of death as undertermined. The Toxicology report was prepared by Sandra Bishop-Freema PhD. There were no findings on pertaining to the Toxicology report. At this time I'm requesting this case be closed.

An ice bath was prepared in a large beaker and a small cotton ball was obtained. 0.5 g of acetanilide, 0.9 g of NaBr, 3mL of ethanol and 2.5 mL acetic acid was measured and gathered into 50mL beakers. In a fume hood, the measured amounts of acetanilide, NaBr, ethanol and acetic acid were mixed in a 25mL Erlenmeyer flask with a stir bar. The flask was plugged with the cotton ball and placed in an ice bath on top of a stir plate. The stir feature was turned on a medium speed. 7mL of bleach was obtained and was slowly added to the stirring flask in the ice bath. Once all the bleach was added, stirring continued for another 2 minutes and then the flask was removed from the ice bath and left to warm up to room temperature. 0.8mL of saturated sodium thiosulfate solution and 0.5mL of NaOH solution were collected in small beakers. The two solutions were added to the flask at room temperature. The flask was gently stirred. Vacuum filtration was used to remove the crude product. The product was weighed and a melting point was taken. The crude product was placed into a clean 25mL Erlenmeyer flask. A large beaker with 50/50 ethanol/water

This report presents the synthesis of Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), as the product of the reaction of salicylic acid with ethanoic anhydride under acidic conditions. Aspirin was purified through recrystallisation by vacuum filtration, followed by desiccation of the Aspirin crystal over silica gel. The percentage yield was calculated as 44.89% and a sample of Aspirin was analysed using infra-red spectroscopy and compared to the spectrum of pure Aspirin, this served as an introduction to the identification of functional groups in organic compounds. The melting point was calculated using an IA9000M apparatus and recorded to be 35.2°C, which was slightly below the melting point of pure Aspirin; known to be between 138-140°C. Both IR spectroscopy and melting point measurement were used verify the purity of synthetic Aspirin made, which proved to be fairly pure under these laboratory conditions.

Poisons are substances those are most likely to cause harm to a person. It can also be defined as a substance which has the potent of causing illness or death of a living organism when introduced to the body or absorbed. It has a tendency to cause physical or chemical mutations in the body which may be curable or incurable depending on the type of poison used. It causes harm by physical or chemical changes in the human body. Poisons with high level of toxicity may be dangerous on consuming once and can also be life threatening. Few poisons which are less toxic are often used as slow poisons. Absolutely anything could be a poison, because everything is good but nothing in excess is. Poisons are those substances