An Experimental Investigation On The Properties Of Concrete Using Copper Slag As Partial Replacement Of Fine Aggregate Essay

Concrete is a tough and reliable material, and it can be used for a wide range of projects. Eventually though, a structure made from this versatile material will need to be replaced. At the very least, it may require repairs.

Aggregate is one of the basic constituents of concrete. Its quality is of considerable importance because about three-quarter of the volume of concrete is occupied by aggregates. One of the physical properties of aggregate that influence the property of concrete is the grading of aggregate. The grading of aggregate defines the proportions of particles of different size in the aggregate. The grading of fine (size < 5 mm) and coarse (size > 5 mm) aggregates are generally required to be within the limits specified in BS 882: 1992.

Concrete is a composite material used widely in the construction industry. Concrete is basically a mixture of cement, water, aggregates and admixture (sometimes). Cement is a fine gray powder that consists of oxidizes calcium, silicon and aluminum. The aggregate used is normally gravel, crushed stone or sand. Admixture is a solid or liquid substance that gives a certain characteristics of the concrete. The cement reacts with water chemically and binds the aggregates together through a process called hydration during hardening or curing of concrete. It means that water helps in the hardening of the concrete while the cement bind the aggregate and also react with water to form a solid mass.

Concrete is an artificial material in which the aggregates are bonded together by the cement when mixed with water. With the advancement of technology and increased field of application of concrete and mortars, the strength, workability, durability and other characteristics of the ordinary concrete can be made suitable for any situation. For this, definite proportions of cement, water, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, mineral admixtures and chemical admixtures are

Abstract— Concrete is a composite construction material composed of aggregate, cement and water. There are

Concrete is the most important construction material because it is difficult to find out another material of such versatility and mouldability at such a cheap price.

The evolution of concrete has allowed us to create more workable concrete and as a result allows better bonding due to the chemical reaction at a molecular level between the water and cement. This reaction bonds the aggregate and acts much like a “bridging” compound which binds the aggregate together.

In the laboratory the dimensions of each concrete cube was measured using callipers. It was ensured that before each reading the calliper was zeroed to minimise any errors. The length, width and then depth was measured before proceeding to the next sample. 2 members measured the samples whilst 2 recorded the results. After all dimensions were recorded the mass of each cube was obtained using an analytical balance weighing the samples cured from 0 days up to 28 days.

Lightweight concrete can also be classified according to the purpose of utilizing as: i) Structural lightweight concrete has cylinder compressive strength at 28 days equal or more than 17 MPa and the approximate density range is about 1400-1800 kg/m3. ii) Masonry concrete (structural / insulating lightweight concrete) has a compressive strength between 7-14 MPa and density range 500-800 kg/m3. iii) Insulating concrete has a compressive strength between 0.7-7 kg/m3 and density lower than 800 kg/m3. (Neville and Brooks, 2010; Slaby, Aziz and Hadeed, 2008)

A preliminary investigation of strength and durability properties of a low-cost concrete-like system made of pH-adjusted fluorogypsum (FG), class C fly ash (FA), and type II Portland cement (PC). A series of compressive strength tests and volumetric expansion measurements were conducted on specimens after 28 days of curing. The experimental results were used to develop response surface models (RSMs). These RSMs can be used to predict accurately compressive strength and volumetric expansion as functions of the relative content, in dry weight, of different components. The RSMs

According to ASTM and ACI committee, concrete is defined as a composite material that consists essentially of a binding medium within which are embedded particles or fragments of aggregate. But Hansen suggested that a composite material can have two fundamentally different structures. The first one is an ideal composite hard material, which has a continuous lattice of an elastic phase with a high modulus of elasticity, with embedded particles of a lower modulus of elasticity. The second type of structure is that of an ideal composite soft material, which has elastic particles with a high modulus of elasticity embedded in a continuous matrix phase with a lower modulus of elasticity. (Neville, et al., 1983). Concrete being a composite material can thus be considered as consisting of two phases: hydrated cement paste and aggregates, and the properties

With the continuous improvement of modern architectural functions, higher requirements of concrete have been put forward. Under the circumstance of high technology, concrete technology is developed towards high-strength, high-workability and high durability. Since the 1990s, along with a variety of new cementitious materials, mineral admixtures, superplasticizer and the new development and application of other additives, the production of concrete with good workability, excellent mechanical properties and also high durability can become a reality (Laskar, 2011). This new type of concrete is called high-performance concrete (HPC). Compared to the conventional concrete, HPC has high strength, high resistance and high durability. Therefore, high-performance concrete is the inevitable result of the development of modern concrete technology.

Self-consolidating concrete mixes can be designed and used in concrete elements with both normal and dense reinforcement. The coarse aggregate size for reinforced concrete generally varies from 10 mm to 20 mm. For a mix to qualify as

Nowadays, we talk much about high performance concrete. It has higher strength, better durability and elasticity. Although high strength concrete is often considered as relatively new material, its development has been gradually taking place over many years.

The utilisation of supplementary cementitious materials results in several improvements in the concrete composites and reduction in the overall economy and hence they are well accepted. Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) is a by -product obtained from the steel industry which is naturally cementitious and is commonly used as a replacement for cement material in concrete. In this paper our study is mainly confined to a brief study of GGBFS, its production, composition and applications. It further focusses on examination of changes occurring in the properties of OPC concrete such as strength development, setting time, consistency, durability, sustainability, permeability and appearance on partial replacement of cement with different percentages of GGBFS. We conclude that in recent times, GGBFS concrete has served as a major alternative to conventional concrete and has drawn the attention of the concrete industries due to its cement, energy and cost savings, environmental and socio-economic merits.