An Integrative Literature Review : The American Diabetes Association

Most patients who have diabetes for an extended amount of time may end up with diabetic neuropathy, which is damage caused to the nerves; it affects the peripheral nerves, autonomic nerves, and focal nerves. From the high blood sugar, it can destroy parts of the patient’s blood vessels, heart, and kidneys. If diabetes is not treated, it will almost always cause heart disease or kidney disease.

American Diabetes Association has a long history of research support and engagement. The first direct ADA research were awarded in 1952, and in the late 1970s, the ADA research funding was centralized into a program model after that of the National Institute of Health (NIH), with operational and scientific oversight housed in the national office. Founded in October 1994, the ADA Foundation was created to substantially accelerate the Association 's ability to raise major gifts to directly fund diabetes research. Now the ADA is a volunteer-driven organization, with about 90 local offices above the United States. The goal of the ADA is to prevent and cure diabetes and to improve the lives of all people affected by diabetes. The burdens of diabetes are enormous and escalating at an alarming rate. About 26 million Americans have the disease, and over 10% of the total adult population and over 25% of the population aged 65 years and older. If present trends continue, as many as one in three Americans adult will be diagnosed with diabetes by 2050; in majority of cases will include older adults and racial ethnic minorities.

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 8.3% of Americans, or more than 25 million people, are living with diabetes. (Gosse, 2014) My mother, my grandmother and I are part of that statistic. Diabetes is predominately found in middle-aged and older people. This can be people that are overweight and inactive.

Why are nerves often damaged in patients with diabetes mellitus, and what are some of the

Diabetes can affect the entire body. Two-thirds of adults with diabetes have high blood pressure, or hypertension. This condition is serious because it leads to an increased risk of stroke, heart disease, kidney and eye problems.

Diabetics have an insulin problem Diabetes is a result of insulin not performing its job correctly. Since insulin does more than remove glucose from the bloodstream, including producing proteins, storing fats, and other metabolic processes, diabetes can have severe consequences. If it is not treated properly diabetes can lead to heart disease, stroke, eye problems (including blindness), kidney failure, problems with teeth and gums, male sexual problems, nerve problems, and circulation problems. The circulation problems could result in foot or leg amputation (Reddy 2).

According to the report from the center for disease and prevention (CDC) in 2011, nearly 26million Americans are suffering from Diabetes.3 Furthermore, CDC reported in 2014 that there are chances of 40% American adults developing diabetes in their lifetime and half of the ethnic minorities will be affected. It is worthwhile to note that obesity was reported as the reason for the tremendous increase.4

Hi Gregory, great information on glucose level before and after surgery. Moreover, I work in the pre and post surgery unit, blood chemistry are checked on each surgical patient. Blood glucose over 200 are treated, became this increase the chances of non- healing wound or infection, and moreover can cause other complications. Education in these patients before and after surgery are important, "the better control of your diabetes, the better your chances of an excellent surgical outcome. Keeping your blood glucose within the parameters your doctor recommends is key. Top-notch nutrition, including high-quality protein, is also essential. Protein is an important component in the healing process and can help contribute to faster wound healing, stronger

The heart, nerves, blood vessels, kidneys, eyes and other organs can be negatively impacted by uncontrolled diabetes. The goal is to keep the blood sugar normal most of the time to avoid these complications.

When speaking with healthcare provider Denead Buoy, RN, MSN, she explained that diabetes mellitus is a condition in which one has elevated blood glucose levels due to an inadequate insulin production or because the body responds inappropriately to the absorption of insulin into cells. In some patients, both of these options could be the problem. On average there are about 15 patients in her in-patient unit; out of the 15 patients that she gets, usually 8 to 10 either has had a history of diabetes or has diabetes mellitus as their primary problem (D. Buoy, personal communication, October 17, 2014). Buoy stated that even if the disease is not the primary reason they were admitted into the hospital, diabetes is usually related to their primary condition.

29.1 million people or 9.3 percent of the population in the united states have diabetes. 21 million of those have been diagnosed. 8.1 million or 27.8 percent of people with diabetes are undiagnosed. This proves that anyone can have diabetes, which should encourage the public to be tested just in case. Diabetes has not only affected my family, but has affected thousands of others globally; however, a silver lining does exist in the near future for a cure.

Diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death in the United States in 2010 (CDC, 2014). Furthermore, diabetes may be underreported as a cause of death. Studies have reported that only about 35-40% of who diagnosed with diabetes had diabetes listed on their death certificate and about 10-15% had it listed as an underlying cause of death

There are many different complications that are caused by diabetes. If you have diabetes, you are up to five times more likely to develop heart disease or have a stroke (WHO). When the blood glucose levels are increasing it results in the furring and narrowing of your blood vessels which may result in a poor blood supply to the heart. This can lead to a heart attack or a stroke. This doesn’t only put the patient’s life at risk but it also results in a huge cost on the NHS. It can also affect the patient’s family a friends hugely emotionally but also physically if they are in need of care after the event. It can change the patient’s life style dramatically. It is not only the blood vessels near the heart that are affected it is also the blood vessels in the nerves. This

Dunker 1 Rebecca Dunker Mrs. Heer Eng090 August 1, 2016 Diabetes is affected by twenty-nine million people in the United States. It is the seventh leading cause of death, and 245 million dollars is spent on people who are diagnosed with it. Twenty-five percent of senior citizens have diabetes. However, only 35 -40 percent of people who had diabetes listed on the death certificate. Ninety to ninety-five percent of all diabetic diagnoses are type two.

Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of developing primarily vascular complications that contribute to morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. Poor glycaemic control leads to vascular complications that affect large (macrovascular), small (microvascular) vessels or both. Macrovascular complications include coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and stroke. Microvascular complications contribute to diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage), nephropathy (kidney disease) and retinopathy (eye disease).