An Interconnection Of Distributed Generations ( Dgs )

In the grid new renewable resources are added to extract more power. This adds more power quality issues to grid connection. A Power quality problem is an occurrence manifested as a nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that results in a failure or a mis-operation of end user equipment. This paper investigates the use of a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is connected at a point of common coupling with Battery Energy Storage System(BESS)to overcome of a power quality issues of a wind farm equipped with variable speed wind turbines driving Double – Fed Induction Generators (DFIG). A physical control scheme, including four control loops: ac voltage, dc voltage, ac active current and ac reactive current controllers, is pre-specified for the STATCOM. A synthetic algorithm is proposed to embed these physical control loops in the output feedback path. The simulation results demonstrated that under various system disturbances, the proposed mode decoupling STATCOM is effective in regulating IG terminal voltage.

Microgrid is a scaled down version of the centralized power system that generates, distributes, and regulates the flow of electricity. It can operate either grid connected or islanded and, if required, can switch between the two [1]. The new electrical grid, also named smart grid (SG), will

This chapter explores the hardware setup of DFIG system. It also shows experimental results and the performance of this system under different types of controllers. The experimental work is divided into three parts. The first part is emulating the wind turbine characteristic using PMSM. The second part is implementing the GSC connected to the grid and maintaining its DC-link voltage constant under different disturbances. The final part is controlling the DFIG to extract power from the wind emulator and transfer it to the utility grid.

Significant changes in the structure of a low voltage distribution system can be achieved by developing "microgrids" [2] coupled with appropriate energy storage and energy management technologies. This will ensure the microgrid to achieve the capability to operate off-grid or grid connection or interact with other microgrids. These features ensure a better power quality, reduce stress of transmission lines, increase power efficiency, minimize the risk of blackout, and other related problems.

Distributed generation in straightforward term can be characterized as a small scale generation. It is an active power generating unit that is connected at distribution level.

In the traditional distribution network, the systems are designed and controlled autonomously. Hence a fault at a system will have serious problem and need immediate rectification. But, rectification of these problems is very difficult. More due to the increase in prices of fossil fuel which are the main cause for generating electricity. Thus, centralized control and integrating their functions is a crucial problem faced in the traditional distribution network. To overcome these issues, there comes Information and communication Technology (ICT) to integrate all the important elements in a distribution system. This develops an environment at distribution level, which is controlled and integrated called “smart grid” which bring up to the date where the electricity generated is transported, distributed by optimizing the system’s economy and the improving the system’s capability to spring back into shape.

BACKGROUND: The power system, built on century-old technology and approaches, was designed to deliver electricity from large, remote power plants across significant distances to the cities and towns where electricity is used. For that reason, there is great need for an effective Protection and Control of the System to complete the chain of Generation, Transmission and Distribution to the users.

Improve the efficiency of power supply have become crucial to satisfying the demands of people increasing day by day in the life and the development of social production. The world has accelerated the development of smart grid technology and effectively promote the smart power grid. The Smart grid has become the new trend of the future power grid development [1]. The construction of smart grid is based on economic development, to meet the needs of people, and it is the inevitable result of advanced science and technology development to a certain degree. State Grid Corporation proposed to speed up the construction of high voltage network power grid as the backbone network, with informatization, automation, interactive of characteristics of the coordinated development of power at all levels of the strong and smart grid, and strive to achieve the power grid from the traditional power grid to a high effective, economical, clean and interaction of modern power grid upgrades and cross, actively promoting clean energy development, focusing on from generation, transmission, substation, power distribution, power, scheduling, communication information, seven aspects such as to study the key technology of Intelligent power grid [3]. A Smart grid includes STG (Smart Transmission Grid) and SDG (Smart Distribution Grid). A lot of literature introduced smart grid basic concepts and techniques, but per the literature of SDG is relatively small. Smart Distribution Grid

All the service connections, transformers, transmission infrastructure, substations, generation plants, and everything required in managing the generation and distribution of electrical power is known as the electrical “Grid.” The term “smart grid” has been used to describe a broad range of technologies, design concepts and operating practices that collectively paint an exciting picture of what our electric power infrastructure might look like in ten or twenty years. It is a new approach that significantly increases the efficiency of the entire electrical delivery system. Not only does increase reliability, but will also reduce energy in the delivery process and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A

\IEEEPARstart{T}oday, integration of regional electric energy systems is more considered therefore, researchers propose different dynamic economic dispatch approach to find the optimal schedule of power generation resources for a given horizon, while the demand of each area is supplied as well as satisfying the technical constraints. Moreover, the large-scale integration of wind generation into power systems presents a significant challenge to system operator due to the unpredictable and highly variable nature of wind power generation that integration of regional electric energy systems and utilization of energy storage can be meet this issue. The capacity of interconnection area lines is limited the impact of integration area to meet wind

Distributed generation (DG), also known as on-site generation, distributed resources (DR), distributed energy resources (DER) or dispersed power (DP) is the use of small-scale power generation technologies located close to the load being served [2]. There are different types of distribution generation technologies but the two main ones we will focus on are Photovoltaics and wind turbines. These technologies have great benefits in distribution generation and their benefits go beyond generating clean energy to supporting

Abstract: Smart grid technology is the combination of existing electrical architecture i.e power generation, switchgear, power systems and digital technologies which provides smart, efficient, reliable and cost effective ways to distribute electricity. It makes optimal use of power by monitoring, analysis, control, and provides flexible distribution to maximize the throughput of the electrical system.

This report is meant to give an overview about the smart grid and smart meters by describing what is the smart grid and smart meter. In addition, it introduces several technologies from these power grid systems and how these technologies impact on the environment and renewable resources. The report also presents the benefits of using the smart grid and smart meters, which associated with our way of life. Thus, the disadvantages will also be discussed.

This memorandum addresses to present an overview of the features, functionalities, and characteristics of the Smart Grid. It expounds the effects of Smart Grid technologies on the modern electricity grid, power industry, and society. Smart Grids came up as a solution to make the electricity grid more adapt to the demand of the times, make it more sustainable, greener, and more efficient to the delivery of electric power. Smart Grids are more self-governing and enhance the higher effectivity and efficiency of power delivery, and they also allow renewable energy recourses safely to connect into the grid to replenish the power supply from the normal customers’ distributed power plants and storage, power industries can minimize the cost to build more power plants with renewable energy, transmission lines, and substations to raise the level of power supply which to adapt to the modern electricity consumption. This memorandum can help people learn more about Smart Grids, the better understanding of its value, the less resistance to the construction of it, the faster promotion of the development of it. The purpose of it is to introduce what the Smart Grid is, present the discussion of its features and related technologies, demonstrate how these technologies will influence the modern electricity grid as well as keep on developing and

A smart grid is an evolved grid system that manages electricity demand in a sustainable, reliable and economic way, built on advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and tuned to facilitate the integration of all involved. Smart grids provide more electricity to meet rising demand, increase reliability and quality of power supplies, increase energy efficiency, able to integrate low carbon energy sources into power networks. Smart grids possess demand response capacity to help balance electrical consumption with supply, as well as the potential to integrate new technologies to enable energy storage devices and the large-scale use of electric vehicles. Electrical systems will undergo a foremost advancement, improving consistency and reducing electrical losses, expenditures and maintenance costs. A smarter grid will provides better control over