An Introduction Of An Oncolytic Virus ( Ov )

There were three trial phases that had to be completed. The first phase was to inject the Onyx-015 at the tumor site with a low dosage to see how the body responds and to observe the side effects. The results stated that patients had flulike symptoms including fevers, nausea and other effects. The main conclusion from the first phase trial was that the Onyx-015 virus did not have a big affect on the injected tumor. Only 5 of the 22 patients had a response to the tumor with the low dosage of the virus [13].

Nipah virus, Arena Virus and Francisella tularensis are bioterrorism agents. They work in various ways to harm the host. Francisella tularenis is considered a Tier 1 bioterrorism agent and Nipah virus is an overlap select agent that affects humans and agriculture both. They have been harmful in the past. Though, Nipah virus is a newer virus than the other two. This review will focus on their emergence, pathogenicity and symptoms of the diseases they cause.

This article covers the Seneca Valley Virus (SVV-001) as a hopeful for an oncolytic treatment of certain cancer types. More specifically those with neuroendocrine properties such as rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms tumor, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, and adult small-cell lung cancer. Each of which effect smooth/skeletal muscle cells, kidneys/adrenal glands (mainly in children), astrocytes of the brain, nerve cells of a fetus, and lung cells in adults respectively. The virus was discovered by accident in a contaminated cell culture that contained bovine serum to promote growth. The virus was later discovered to be almost exclusively found in farm animals such as cows and pigs, due to the presence of neutralizing antibodies that were later to only ever have been found in one human sample. Just as important as that, the virus only targets the cells of the above-mentioned cancers/tumors, is a self-replicating RNA virus, and its inability to infect other cells in the body all come together to result in the lysis of these specific cancer cells. These properties alone give great hope for SVV-001 as a treatment for those infected by these diseases, and prompted for more research into its medicinal possibilities.

BK virus is a common infection that can cause a mild respiratory illness. BK virus is also called polyomavirus. After the first infection, the virus remains in the kidneys and other parts of the urinary tract but is inactive (latent). BK virus very rarely causes problems in healthy people. People may live with this inactive virus for years and never have any more symptoms.

Many people are infected each year by what is known as the stomach flu. Little do you know that the stomach flu is part of the Norwalk Virus. Norwalk Virus also known as Norovirus is an extremely contagious virus. This virus causes your intestines and or stomach to inflame which leads you to have stomach pain, nausea, diarrhea, and puking.

You have been receiving these symptoms for the following reasons, your viral infection, Coxsackievirus B1 which you had over 6 months ago, has increased your chances of diabetes due to the immune system incorrectly targeting the pancreas which makes insulin. Insulin allows glucose into the cells, however diabetes stops or decreases the amount to insulin being created, when this happens glucose is stuck in the blood stream and not in the cells therefore raising the blood sugar levels. The increase of glucose in your blood is making your kidney work overtime to filter and absorb the food. When the kidney can’t keep up the need to urinate which will be leaving your body dehydrated creating you to drink more water making you need to urinate even more.

Cervical cancer is a type of abnormal and malignant cell growth on the cervix (birth canal), which causes the common death for American Women. Infected by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) through sexual contact is the main contributor to cervical cancer. According to American Cancer Society’s (ACS) (2017) estimation, around 12,820 people will newly have cervical cancer and about 4,210 people will die from that in 2017. Therefore, it is urgent to decrease the rate of cervical cancer at women. A three-shot Gardasil series vaccine approved by the FDA for girls started to prevent cervical cancer in 2006. There are more than forty types of HPVs and the majority

Trying to find a cure is hard some virus can help but are they to deadly. Scientist are saying that this virus helps but the immune system does not allow it. The Lassa-VSV virus carries a gene that causes it to produce a fluorescent protein that helps researchers track which

In New York there are an ordinary family who without asking becomes the subject of a pandemic devastating Mitch, Beth, Jory Mitch's teenage daughter and Clark Beth's son . Beth as she is returning home from a business trip to Hong Kong, where without knowing was infected by the MEV-1 virus. She transmits the virus to people who were close to her (including an ex-lover she meets during an halt in Chicago). Once home, her health declines suddenly. Four days after she contracts the virus, Beth has seizures, froths at the mouth, and dies. Before she dies she infecting her young son Clark, who spreads the virus at his elementary school. During Beth's autopsy (just six days after she was infected) a pathologist observes highly suspicious

Another impressive dimension that adds to the efficacy of Ad-Apoptin-hTERT-E1a is the adenoviruses’ ability to attack tumor cells through the addition of the therapeutic transgene expression Apoptin. Apoptin is a protein that is known to induce the process of apoptosis specifically within malignant cells, but not in regular cells [3]. Apoptosis is often called “programmed cell death” because it is a process in which cells that are no longer needed within an organism are recognized and then destroyed. Inserting this transgene expression into the genome of Ad-Apoptin-hTERT-E1a creates a cancer specific adenovirus equipped with dual threat potential. With these transgene expressions inserted into the genome of an adenovirus, Ad-Apoptin-hTERT-E1a, is a genetically modified oncolytic adenovirus that has been created which can theoretically eradicate cancer cells through both lysis and apoptosis, but not negatively effect normal cells within the host.

Lingering around us are viruses that are anticipating for the moment they get to enter and attack their next host. To this day there are about 7,500 rats roaming the streets of Chicago. Rats carry diseases due to the high level of poor sanitation and large existence of garbage on the streets of residential areas. Living in one of the most disgusting creatures, it manages to make its way into the human. This new, horrific virus is known by the name of Bunya-Hantaviridae Mortifero. It gets its name from the species and family that it comes from as well as its structure. The virus’s first host cell was the Norway rat, also known as the street rat. It is well known that rats carry diseases, but this particular virus came along when Hurricane

In this study the authors use bilateral vaccination with DCs pulsed withCytomegalovirus phosphoprotein 65 (pp65) RNA. This approach may be restricted by the amount of tissue serving as a source of tumor lysate or tumor derived RNA and thus DCs pulsed with tumor specific antigens may be a limiting factor. Also, These antigens might include shared tumor antigens such as telomerase. A major disadvantage in using whole tumor in form of lysates, apoptotic bodies or RNA is that measuring effector cells in vitro and in vivo is difficult to achieve.

People think viruses are able to trigger cancer if someone was to be infected with a virus. Cancer is defined by Oxford’s dictionary as “ the disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body”. While a virus is defined by Oxford as, “an infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat...and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host”. Furthermore, a virus carries a single strand of Ribonucleic Acid (RNA). This acid is a polymeric molecule implicated in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes (“RNA”).

When classically looking at viruses and other diseases, humans are the first species that comes to mind, but there are many other species of animals that are equally affected by these diseases as well. Generally, the viruses that these species fall victim to exclusively affect a single species without affecting other species. Feline Leukemia virus for example can be found exclusively in cats. More specifically, this Feline Leukemia is a retrovirus, which leads to metastasis, tumor growth, and slow infections to develop. The FLV is one of the most common ways that cancer occurs in cats weakening their immune systems and making them more apt to die from other causes that would other is less harmful to healthy cats. Cats infected by this virus

Practitioners generally administer antiviral drugs that fight off infection either by preventing the virus’s capability to replicate or by reinforcing the body’s immune response to better aid in combating the infection. There are a number of various classes of drugs in the antiviral family, and each is utilized for a particular kind of viral infections. Antiviral drugs are now accessible to treat a number of viruses, consisting of influenza, HIV, Herpes, and Hepatitis B and C. Despite mechanisms that are used to combat viruses, they go through metamorphoses over time and build up a resistance against antiviral