An Introduction To An Orifice Meter

An automatic pipet was used to measure 0.450 mL water and 0.165 mL acetic anhydride and was added to the conical vial. A spin vane was placed into the vial and an air condenser was attached.

To start off the lab we did simple measurements with two different rulers, both measuring in centimeters but had different amounts of divisions on the second one making its measurements more precise. The first item to measure was a 13 x 100 mm test tube, again using the two different ruler’s metric ruler A and metric ruler B. After recording the measurements with the accurate rounding, we did the same steps to measure the diameter of a watch glass and an evaporating dish.

Abstract: This experiment introduced the student to lab techniques and measurements. It started with measuring length. An example of this would be the length of a nickel, which is 2cm. The next part of the experiment was measuring temperature. I found that water boils around 95ºC at 6600ft. Ice also has a significant effect on the temperature of water from the tap. Ice dropped the temperature about 15ºC. Volumetric measurements were the basis of the 3rd part of the experiment. It was displayed during this experiment that a pipet holds about 4mL and that there are approximately 27 drops/mL from a short stem pipet. Part 4 introduced the student to measuring

Table 1: This table shows the position that the solution was at inside the graduated tube it was held in at each time interval it was measured.

of it. Based on my training and experience I know this type of pipe to be

In this lab I measured the diameters of the wells with a ruler. I made all to 6 mm for their initials in order to

Before beginning an experiment, it is good to calibrate any equipment that needs calibration. This ensures that results obtain will be as accurate as possible or as near to the true value. All equipment should be inspected to ensure that there are no chips, cracks or general damage to the equipment as these could cause problems during the experiment which could affect the overall results gained. Equipment such as burettes, pipettes, flasks and beakers must be rinsed with distilled water to get rid of any impurities in the equipment. If solutions are to be poured in any piece of equipment then the equipment should also be rinsed out with the solution being used, this will maintain the pH level in the instrument. Once a solution is transferred from the pipette to the flask, touching the tip of the pipette on the side of the flask will drain any extra drops that may still remain on the tip of the pipette.

· I set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram. I then placed a

A presumption we used was a diameter for each of the parallel pipelines, amongst pipeline AB, pipeline BC, and pipeline CD. We settled for a diameter of 0.3 m for all circumstances and executed the energy equation between the respective locations, to confirm whether the calculated discharge was agreeable. The discharge was acceptable in each of the three circumstances. In the event that it was unacceptable, another diameter was required to be chosen and the energy equation would need to be recalculated.

The volume of a small test tube and a thin-stemmed pipet were determined in this section of the lab. Water was poured into a small test tube until the water reached the very top edge of the test tube. The test tube was then emptied into a plastic 25 mL graduated cylinder and volume was measured and recorded into data table 3. A think-stemmed pipet was completely filled with water. Drops were carefully counted and emptied into the empty plastic 25 mL graduated cylinder until the water level reached 1 mL. The number of drops in 1 mL was recorded into data table 3. The thin-stemmed pipet had a total volume of 4 mL and that was also recorded into data table 3.

5ml pipettes graduated in 0.1 ml units with suction devices or automatic pipetters and tips

Both the orifice and the Venturi meters produce a restriction in the flow and measure the pressure drop across the meter. The velocity of a fluid is expected to increase as the fluid flows from an open area, to a more constricted area. Assuming incompressible flow, a negligible height change, and steady state, Bernoulli’s equation can be simplified to show the correlation between the volumetric flow rate and the pressure drop. The equation for both meters is as follows:

6. The outflow rate is measured by using a measuring cylinder. It is measured 3 times and averaged for a more accurate result. The results are shown in Table 2.

A volumetric pipette & measuring cylinder can be calibrated by just weighing the water they deliver. As for volumetric flask, the weight of an empty flask is recorded. Next, weigh the flask after filling it with water to the mark.

The apparatus shown in Figure 1 will be used. It consists of a quarter circle block attached to a cantilevered arm with a rectangular surface on the other end. The pivot point on the arm corresponds to the center of radius of the block. With no water in the tank, and no weights on the scale, the arm is horizontal. As weights are added one by one to the scales, water can be added to the tank so that the hydrostatic force balances the weights and bring the arm back to horizontal.