An Investigation On Structural Control And Reactions

Interviews were utilised for the data collection, as Addo (2013, p. 197) says that these can aid researchers in exploring the participant’s experience with the phenomenon of interest. The researchers

Transcripts and field notes from observations were used equally in the analysis and both types of information are referred to as “data”. Although field observations compared to interviews could be interpreted as of lesser importance in the analyses, such data is of great value as it in many ways serve as the basis for the questions asked in the interview. For example, based on the field observations, the researcher could ask about a given observed behavior or relate a participant's answer to an observed behavior.

The research topic is selected, the testable research question is developed, research on the topic is found, the literature review is completed, and a decision is made on the research design. Now, one of the most important steps in the research process to accomplish is the collection of data. Notwithstanding the research project and whether the method of research is whether qualitative or quantitative, data must be collected. Data collection is essential whether the method of choice is a mail survey, a telephone survey, an interview, an experiment, field research, or secondary data analysis. Data collection is an important aspect of any research study. Inaccurate data can impact the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results. During the data collection step, a significant amount of time, energy and attention are required. In order to ensure the data collection process is valid and successful, one should adhere to the four steps involved: (1) the construction of a collection data form which is used to organize all data that is collected; (2) the designation of the coding strategy used to represent data on a data collection form; (3) the collection of the actual data; and (4) entry into the data collection form (Salkind, 2012).

The methodology was described with the data collection method. Quantitative and qualitative questionnaire which consisted of closed questions with a choice of fixed answers and free text to enhance qualitative data were sent out in the form of mailshot, followed by telephone call to non-respondents and it was repeated for more wider sample results to gain more evidence to reduce bias (Parahoo, 2006).

The method I chose for this analysis is in-depth interview. This ethnographic method will be best because it allows me to understand an

“Problems researched with the use of appropriate methods greatly enhance the value of the research.” (Sekaran, 2003) Data can be collected through interviews, questionnaires, observations, and through other techniques, like projective tests. In even more detail, interviews can be conducted in a variety of different ways such as over the phone, through the computer, interviews through the electronic media, and face-to-face. Questionnaires can be conducted personally or administered electronically. “Interviewing, administering questionnaires, and observing people and phenomena are the three main data collection methods in survey research.” (Sekaran, 2003) As stated before, data can be collected in many different ways; however the value of the research is only greatly enhanced when personal opinions and bias is left out of the collection of data.

The procedure used to collect information for the research study is a survey and the techniques used were interview and questionnaire. An interview is when questions are posed to an individual to obtain information (What Is Survey Research? - Definition, Methods & Types, n.d.). A questionnaire is a series of written questions a participant answers (What Is Survey Research? - Definition, Methods & Types, n.d.). Follow- up questionnaires were administered to participant face- to- face and participants who were living long distance were interviewed by telephone.

The researcher asked participants to come to a private office to complete a semi-structured interview with the researcher. The interview guide approved by the IRB and used throughout all the interviews included the following questions:

The first interview was conducted as a pilot study, which whilst providing enriched data, was also proposed to determine any flaws and revisions which could then be implemented before continuing the research with the remaining participants and thus giving the overall study a more uniformed and viable approach (Kvale, 2007). However, following this pilot interview the researcher deemed all questions to be appropriate and they were included in the

To collect data, semi-structured interviews were conducted on eligible participants. The interviews were audio recorded and analyzed using a constant comparative method. The literature review was not clearly defined in the study, however the purpose statement was mentioned in more than one part in the study (Bhardwaj, Pickard, Carrick-Sen, & Brittain, 2012).

The interviews were performed and recorded in a cell phone, by at least two members of the group per interview, and occurred between the 17th of November of 2015 and the 5th of December of 2015. They consisted in the questions showed in the table asked after some introductory questions created to know the interviewee. The introductory questions were:

When comparing the advantages of interviews with the method of observational research, it is obvious that interviews are far cheaper and much faster in generating data, being able to be completed in an hour or so. Hence, respondent numbers are usually higher than a research based upon observational techniques (Haralambos, 1986).

When social researchers are doing a survey in quantitative research they employ the structured interview. The structured interview is one of the two main ways of administering a survey research instrument; the main forms of it are face-to-face and telephone. Social researchers prefer using the structured interview, the reason being that it promotes standardization of both the asking of questions and the recording of answers. If the interview is done properly variation in people’s replies will be due to true variant and not due to the interview context. There are two different variables; they are called intra-interviewer and inter-interviewer. A closed type of question is used in quantitative research because it gives the respondent a limited choice of possible answers. One of the advantages when using a closed question is that it is easier to process the data. When processing the data with coding it introduces two errors which are: the coding frame can be flawed, and the possibility of variation of which the answers are categorized. Like interviewing, there can be two sources of coding: intra-coder variability, and inter-coder variability.

An interview protocol was utilized in this study. This instrument was designed to keep the face-to-face interview on track and effective. So, for that reason, the questions for this interview were determined by trying to create an instrument that would lead to the answers to the research questions.

Data and method needs some more careful details and discussion. First, there is no clear discussion how the sample of qualitative interviews was selected. This is very critical for implications of the study and its limitations.