An Invitation For Breast Cancer Screening

This poster urges the importance of getting examined early so the risk of breast cancer greatly diminishes.

Masson devotes a more emotional appeal throughout the article, rather than offering confirmation to display that mammograms are not beneficial. She expresses reflection to show the reader her perspective and even contradicts herself in one aspect stating “If I should happen to discover a lump in my breast, I’ll have it evaluated. I’m not opposed to having a diagnostic mammogram” (Masson, 2010). This statement shows weakness within her argument and recognizes that there is potential in mammogram screening. Although relying on mammography is not the only primary diagnostic tool, it can however assist in the initial diagnostic process.

The North Carolina-Based Breast Cancer Screening Program (NC-BCSP) was questioning if they could increase African-American women’s access to breast cancer screening, would this help women determine their risk factors and seek further screening process? The goal was to decrease the obstructions of the women in North Carolina to everyday health care, but at the same time increase women’s access to breast cancer screening, while making connections that could help women across the state. The evaluated outcomes was to implement an education process so that there was a tracking system that would determine if the participants were at the human health center and clinic for their initial visit or a repeat visitor.

If 2000 women are screened regularly for 10 years, one will benefit from the screening, as she will avoid dying from breast cancer (Screening for breast cancer with mammography). The article also says, women get a false alarms due to some screenings.

Why opt for a Mammogram- Breast Cancer Prevention Mammograms don’t prevent breast cancer, but they can save life by finding breast cancer as early as possible. A mammogram is an x-ray picture of the breast. It can be used to check for breast cancer in women who have no signs or symptoms of the disease. It can also be used if you have a lump or other sign of breast cancer. When you have a mammogram, you stand in front of an x-ray machine.

With the advancement of therapies for breast cancer, comes with the increased use of screening through mammography, a technique that uses x-ray’s, which is helping people get more accurate cancer diagnosis (E). According to the Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 40% of all breast cancers diagnosed by mammography is DCIS and the general consensus is that it doesn’t have any metastatic potential making the survival rate regardless of the type of therapy, 96%-98% (E). Another recommended screening method that a nurse could educate a patient for is called the Breast self-examination which is a type of early detection of breast cancer (D). According to the Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research, BSE is a readily available, cheap, self-generated, non-invasive and non-irradiative method of breast cancer detection that promotes one’s self-efficacy towards positive cancer control (D).

Imagine having one or both of your breasts taken out, as well as suffering through weakening radiation treatments and toxic drugs, only to later find out that you never had cancer. This situation happens a lot more often than people think. Many women deal with terrifying false breast cancer diagnoses. Dr. Shahla Masood, the director of the pathology department at the University of Florida, told the New York Times that “there are studies showing that diagnosing breast lesions occasionally comes down to the flip of a coin” because early stage cancers are so difficult to diagnose (Quanstrum). Naturally, upon receiving frightening news that one might have cancer, it is highly likely for women to become desperate. Women will do whatever it takes to fight and remove the cancer. “In the conventional medical arena, typically this means full or partial mastectomy, drugs and radiation” (Miller). If the patient tests

The barriers include lack of information about the mammogram procedure, fear of exposing to radiation, fear of finding something abnormal after having mammogram, the screening will take long time, transportation, finding child care while performing mammogram, high cost and forgetting to schedule an appointment. The benefits include finding breast lumps, early mammogram can detect very small lumps, early treatment for BC will be better and having mammogram decrease chances of dying from BC. The results of this study showed that women who don’t considerate having mammogram has low perceived susceptibility. They suggested that difference in perceived susceptibility only present in women who don’t considerate having mammogram and all other women. They found that women who adopt mammogram screening or thinking about it have higher rate of perceived benefits. This result is consistent with Rakowski et al., 1992 and Rakowski et al., 1993 who found that perceived benefits rate become higher in women while they moved toward action stage. These results are contradicting with Russell M.K. et al. who found that perceived benefits weren’t different across stage (Russell M.K. et al., 2006). They found that perceived barriers to BCS can indicate the stage

Another theory that will guide this program is the Social Cognitive Theory which assess whether the participants have the knowledge and skills that will enable them to perform the monthly self-breast exams, the inclination to know when to seek medical care, and the ability to get to their appointments. What they expect to receive from the breast cancer screening and their feelings about what their family and friends think about the screening process and breast cancer will be explored. The focus of the program is to empower the participants so that they will take ownership in the decision-making process. The program will take a look at the environmental and personal behavior risk factors and try to help the participant to make better choices

Our participants where acquired from two different locations in the Bronx County and Yonkers, N.Y. As displayed in the table 2, our findings indicate that 70% of women surveyed are current breast cancer patients. The participants also indicated that 20% of their breast abnormalities were found via a mammogram, and 35% were found through a self-breast examination. Our subjects also indicated that 63% of them have never performed a self-breast examination or were afraid to. Moreover, prior to their diagnosis 45% stated that they did not have access to health insurance. Out of these subjects, 65% documented that they were diagnosed at an early an early stage (0, I, II) and 63% reported a family history of breast

Breast cancer is a horrifying and very serious disease that should not be underestimated. It is a common cancer in women but the majority of women that are affected by this disease do not know that it can be treated in all sorts of ways or that breast cancer rarely ever appears in the same form more than once. As one of the leading causes of death in the United States, breast cancer is affecting tons of people. Orenstein, a breast cancer survivor, discusses the awareness and education of breast cancer today and to give us a full understanding of the disease. In “Our Feel-Good War on Breast Cancer”, Breast cancer awareness and the effectiveness or lack of effectiveness is an important part of this article. She provides historical background in her article which gives an insight into the history of breast cancer to her specific audience and also discusses early detection versus late detection and also the possibility of overtreatment. Orenstein has a different outlook on breast cancer and has different approach in her article by stating her personal story as an introduction into her riveting article. Using her personal story at the beginning gets her readers to have an emotional attachment to her and to be more open to her ideas. This technique is effective, but however her claim would be more effective with research that proved the lack of effectiveness of mammograms.

Although the incidence of breast cancer is increasing, mortality rates are declining due to better treatment and screening, and earlier detection.4,5 Patients are being made more aware of the

Breast Cancer is a malignant tumor disease that affects women all around the world. Over 200,000 new cases diagnosed every year here in the United States, and it remains the second leading cause of death among women. (Kaiser, B., & Bouskill, K. 2013). Due to numerous publications in newspapers, magazines, discussions of this issue on television and radio, many women are aware of the existence of breast cancer, however a substantial portion of the female population are not aware of the facts about the disease: how often and why it arises, what are the early signs and symptoms of breast , what treatment are use and how effective they are. The disease can also occur in men and children, but it very rare. History has proven a dropped in the mortality

According to the World Health Organization (2018), early screening programs for breast cancer can help reduce mortality rate by 20% in all age groups. Education about the screening is very important in early age because it can help reduce the risk of developing breast cancer. It is not proven that self-examination has any effect on breast screening, but it can teach patients to recognize the importance of caring for their health (WHO, 2018). However, Hinkle and Cheever (2014) state that breast self-examination plays an essential role in screening especially high-risk patients and woman who get a negative result on clinical breast exam or mammography (p.1684). When doing a breast self-exam, you can examine your breasts every month. In menstruating

It takes too long to get a doctor’s appointment is one of the barriers founded against breast cancer screening practices (Mamdouh et al., 2014)