An Islamic Language Of Iran

Various factors influenced the 1979 Iranian revolution, but at the core of this significant event was Islamic fundamentalism. The Iranian religious leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, led this movement to end the thirty-seven-year reign of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, also known as the Shah of Iran (Diller 1991, p.152). The revolution was a combination of mounting social, economic, political and religious strains. The nation of Iran was never colonized, unlike some of its bordering countries, making its people intolerant of external influences. The Shah had gradually westernized and secularized his country, creating a strong American presence that was being felt

On the night of November 11th, I attended Divahn’s performance at the Gamble Auditorium. Their music featured Middle Eastern, Latin, and Indian styles, and the vocals were sung in various native languages of the Middle East. Although I could not understand the lyrics, the music was able to demonstrate the emotions of the piece effectively, so that I could understand the content of the music.

Most if not all of the musicians of this culture make up the music as they go. Instead of having music passed down from generation to generation based off of healing rituals they enjoy alternating rhythm and notes to improvise works for the enjoyment of viewers. Because Indian culture has existed for over 5,000 years, “the timbres, forms, and instrumentation of Indian pop music continue to evolve in extremely varied and creative ways.” (p.276) The appreciation of these unique qualities greatly influence the Indian culture and are a common form in most compositions. Our textbook states, “A concert in South India is marked by a string of songs, each in a specific rage and tala. While the song may be performed alone for its own intrinsic beauty, the principle musician may choose to perform one or more forms of improvisation before, within, or after the rendition of the song.”

As mentioned above, Iran was called Persia until 1935. In 1979, it became an Islamic Republic after the revolution. Monarchy was also abolished during this time. Rewinding back to 550 BC, Iranian empires were ruling locations such as Egypt, the Mediterranean and some places in Europe. In AD 633, the Zoroastrian religion was replaced by Islam after the Arabs arrived. Bringing it back to how they run the place now legally, it is based off of sacred law, which is called Islamic law. This just means they follow a sacred text to live their lives. They follow the shari’a law which is “the body of rules of conduct revealed by God (Allah) to his prophet(Muhammad) where people are directed to live their life

My name is Dora and I’m half Persian and half African American. Today my paper will be on my Persian culture. (Persia) Iran it is in Middle East south of Russia and the neighbor of Iraq Afghanistan and Pakistan. It is 1.648 million square kilometers. The capitol is Tehran. Population is approximately 66 million. Over 60% of people living in Iran are younger than 30 years old and open minded, connected to the world, highly educated, intelligent. Iran is known for its oil reserves. Religion is Muslim. Tradition is extremely important. Let me explain a few.

The Persian Empire also known as the Persian Republic occupied the modern day Iran. This Empire inhabited a vase variety of cultures and religions with its occupancy of thirty five to fifty million residents. Its primary ethnicity was that of the Indo-European race. It was created in 539 B.C.E. and became the model empire for the creation of other Second-Wave Civilizations. It specialized in the ability to provide freedom to its many people. This allowed them to practice religion freely and participate in trade and commerce. The Persian Empire was a Monarchy: having one set ruler or king over the entire population. Persian Monarchy was very welcoming for its time. It allowed people to be free as long as some form of taxes was paid and the

Iranians deeply value their social and cultural traditions. The Persian revolution formed the basis through which the country evolved and foundation upon which its empires were established. The Islamic regime practiced by the country formed the basis through which the country’s sophisticated institutions were built. Shah seemed to champion for secularization and westernization (Axworthy,

The Iranian Revolution was at its climax in 1979 with the Revolutionary goal being met by it’s supports. Supporters of the revolution stood mixed in their goals for a new Iran. The Islamic Extremist lead by Ayatollah Khomeini wanted to install an Islamic regime inside of Iran that would follow Islamic law. Religious clerics viewed the Shah as not being a positive leader of Iran and wanted him overthrown and the country left as is. Iranians such as the middle class and students wanted to install an Islamic republic in place of the autocratic monarchical society which the Shah created. All of these groups came together to follow Ayatollah Khomeini under the presence of overthrowing the Shah. Needless to say Ayatollah Khomeini overthrow the

The country has been a part of many historical events, both world-wide and internal. The main religious belief that is followed is absolute monotheism, or the belief in one and only one God. The majority of Iranians follow Islam, and there are also other minor religions co-existing within the country, such as Christianity, Judaism, and Zartosht (Abrahamian). For those that are followers of Islam, their days already have a ritual plan. They pray once before sunrise, at noon, and at sunset in the evening. They sometimes attend a Mosque, which is an Islamic version of a church, several times a day but mainly for the last two prayers of the day. Many people attend the Mosque and it is always very crowded, but some do pray in their homes instead

Indian melody is usually based on ragas, a type of melodic mode. Many ragas exist, and each features specific “ethical and emotional properties.” Indian music does not use the Western major and minor tonal systems, or emphasize harmony. Instead the melodies incorporate seven-note thats. Unlike Western scales, the interval pattern varies for each that. “Two of the most common thats, Asavari and Bilawal, closely approximate the Aeolian mode (natural minor scale) and Ionian mode (major scale), respectively.” Traditional Indian music is monodic, with most compositions having a single melodic line, with percussion and drone accompaniment. Most Indian classical music is not contrapuntal, instead, “The interest and complexity of this music lies in its melodies and rhythms.” Talas, the rhythmic patterns, are the basis for the complexity of rhythms accompanied within songs. Talas are long rhythmic cycles, unlike the Western practice of organizing rhythm into short measures. Vocal music is part of Indian tradition, and “vocal techniques are the basis of good instrumental technique.” In general, Indian vocalists do not use vibrato, giving a tonal quality that may sound nasal, flat, or lifeless, very foreign to the Western listener. However, in Indian music, this can be described as a "clean, clear sound" that does not mask or

The Iranian Islamic Revolution was a political and religious upheaval of the Pahlavi monarchy, having been installed in 1941, to a theocracy built upon the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists; velayate faqih. The dissolution of the monarchy was replaced by an Islamic Republic, guided by an eighty year old religious scholar who had returned from exile after fourteen years. The revolution itself was deemed “impossible until it was inevitable” (Source 52). The reasoning comes from the lack of routine causes for a revolution which include: a military defeat, financial crisis, a rebellion by the peasant class, mounting national debt, and a disgruntled military. In addition the Pahlavi monarchy was supported by a relatively modern army with a

Iran, known as Persia until 1935, became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling shah was driven out by a widespread revolution. Also known as the Islamic Republic of Iran, it borders the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, the Caspian Sea, and is located between Iraq and Pakistan. It also shares borders with Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Turkmenistan. Iran is roughly 1,648,195 square feet, the eighteenth largest country in the world with a population size of 82,801,633. It is governed as a theocratic republic, which is their legal system based on Islamic law. The judiciary system of Iran follows some aspects of Sharia law, but is also mixed with civil law that is authorized and overseen by Parliament. Alongside Parliament is their president, Hassan Ruhani, who has held office since August 2013, however; the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, is at the very top of Iran’s configuration of power. Khamenei controls Iran’s domestic and foreign policies, serves as commander in chief of their armed forces, and directs the republic’s intelligence and security operations. Iran’s economy is characterized by its reliance on oil and gasoline exports. Their Gross National Income is 1.209 trillion per capita (PPP). Petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, and copper are some of their largest natural resources and their biggest export is petroleum (80%) to China, India, Turkey, and Japan. Industrial supplies, capital goods, and technical services from the UAE, China,

جمهوری اسلامی ایران, otherwise known as the Islamic Republic of Iran, or Persia, is currently the 17th largest nation in the world (2nd in the Middle East) with a current population of around 78.4 million people. Modern day Iran was established on April 1st, 1979 following the overthrow of the Pahlavi Dynasty though events now referred to as the Iranian (or Islamic) Revolution of 1979. Iran is one of the four Islamic states in the Middle East that operate independently, and under Sharia, or Islamic law at the same time. The official language of Iran is Persian, and the official religion is Shia Islam. The capital city of Iran is Tehran, indicated in the map above. Tehran, which is located in the province of Tehran, is currently the largest city and urban area in all of Western Asia. The domestic currency is the Iranian Rial (IRR), which is currently equivalent to 0.000035 US Dollars. The current Chief of State is the Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Hosseini-Khamenei and the current Head of Government is President Hassan Rouhani.

Music from all over the world presents a range of musical theories. Some of these are documented in writing whilst others are transmitted orally. Discuss and give examples with reference to both Western and non-Western music.

The modern Ghazal singing was emerged in the mid- 1970's with the rise of two Pakistani singers Mehdi Hassan and Ghulam Ali. Both of them had some training in classical music. Both of the singers possess sweet, supple voices, and generally selected verses both in classical and contemporary. Their style is not remarkably distinct from the style of Mahmoud style of Ghazal. The popularity of this style of Ghazal rested on their live performance style accompanied by harmonium and tabla. They rendered Ghazals in a leisurely, relaxed style, crooning softly into the microphone and indulging in languorous improvised non-rhyming lines.