An Outbreak Of The Waterborne Disease

Canada, like so many other countries in the world continues to deal with many different environmental resource issues. Throughout our history, one of the issues affecting our country has been the treatment of our First Nations people. For the purpose of this paper, the focus will be on the safe water crisis facing Canada’s First Nations communities. The Oxford Dictionary (2016) defines a crisis as a time of great difficulty or danger. The research included will help clarify the reality of the Canada’s First Nations safe water crisis. Despite some improvements over the past few decades, many of our First Nation citizens still lack access to safe and clean water. Our reserves have water that is contaminated, difficult to access or toxic because of outdated and faulty treatment systems. (Klasing, 2016) This safe water crisis is in need of immediate attention. It is Canada’s responsibility to provide the right to clean and safe water for all of its citizens.

An investigation was necessary to find the cause of the outbreak, and how to stop it from continuing to spread. The campus clinic was interested in testing the following nine patients: Sue, Jill, Anthony, Wanda, Maggie, Maria, Arnie, Marco, and Alvin. All of the students have similar symptoms and agreed to being tested except for Alvin.

The evidence used in order to find out if the cases are connected would be the groups of people exposed to the contaminant.

In the article by Krissy Brady, she explains the many different foods that help boost your metabolism and your overall health. Metabolism is how quick you digest the food, you consume. In paragraph one, Krissy states that the current speed of your metabolism is mainly based on your genetics. She also states that you may improve your metabolism by eating certain foods, and also by giving your body a bit of motivation, to a healthy metabolism.

Outbreak at Watersedge game was a fun experience that allowed me to assimilate the epidemiological process, which I used in order to find the infectious agent that caused the outbreak and to identify the disease, caused by that agent. The process I went through in order to start my investigation started at the Watersedge Department of Health, where I visited as a new intern.

In 1849 London experienced a major outbreak of cholera due to the polluted water, which claimed the lives of about 15,000 residents. William Farr believed that cholera traveled through the air instead of the water. Also he conducted many analysis of several variables in relation to the outbreak and their relationship to death from cholera. From these findings he developed detailed statistics from the environmental conditions that he observed from the local bodies of water. Working with William Farr’s findings, John Snow was a physician which came to the conclusion that there was a relationship between the water sources and the cholera outbreak ("John Snow - The Father Of Epidemiology").

Until now confidence in the safety and security of the city's water supply has long been a given. The lead contamination is a reminder that it can never be taken for granted. Public anxiety and anger over the scare is understandable. Officials have responded by ordering tests on all 170 public housing

Groundwater is water which is located beneath the surface in soil pore spaces and in permeable geological formations. Groundwater is a very important source of freshwater it makes up a large percent of the world’s accessible freshwater resources. Including, billions of urban and rural people depend on groundwater for their everyday needs. We depend on it for our own safety and the safely of certain groups which include the children, the elderly, and the poor who are more vulnerable to diseases. Waterborne illness is a public health issue in North American and around the world. In an article called Estimating Waterborne Disease Risks in the United States it states that, “That significant data and method-based uncertainties remain in the improved

[description]A recent study in @@NAME@@ has found that bottled water contained traces of hazardous substances, which immediately caused panic in the media. It is unknown whether this is caused by the plastic bottles or bad filtration. An organization known as STOPETE has called for you to address this problem, and you have convened in the largest @@DENONYMADJECTIVE@@ bottling plant with a few people to discuss the issue.

The concern is focused on the risks associated with its recreational purposes and risks associated with waste water and the spread of zoonotic diseases. (Phelps et al. 2014;Yamamoto et al. 2010.). For example, there has being avian flu outbreaks that were associated with nearby waterfowl habitats contaminating the water with faeces. (Halvorson et al. 1989; Karunakaran et al. 1983). Furthermore outbreaks of avian flu in reservoirs have been seen to spread through open water from fields spreading into nearby water sources. (Hinshaw et al. 1979; Markwell and shortridge 1982) Also it has been considered a risk from carcasses of dead birds spreading the virus in the water sources, however it has been considered to be unlikely that there will be a spread of H5N1 through this route. (Stallknecht et al. 2006) In order to detect risks such as this real-time PCR is used to detect the levels of the virus in water. (Yamamoto et al. 2010) From detection of the virus risk management becomes another essential factor in mitigating the spread of contaminated recreational water. )

Waterborne pathogens and related diseases are a major public health concern worldwide, not only by the morbidity and mortality that they cause, but by the high cost that represents their prevention and treatment. These diseases are directly related to environmental (7, 2015) Proper assessment of pathogens on water and water quality monitoring are key factors for decision-making regarding water distribution systems’ infrastructure, the choice of best water treatment and prevention waterborne outbreaks.

Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by coccidial species of the genus Cryptosporidium. The parasite is covered by an outer shell that allows it to live outside the body for extensive periods of time and makes it resistant to chlorine-based sanitizers (Rossle & Latif, 2013). Cryptosporidiosis has been identified as one of the most usual causes of waterborne disease in humans worldwide. Cryptosporidium lives in the intestine of infected humans or animals and is passed in the stool of an infected person or animal (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Millions of Cryptosporidium parasites are discharged in a bowel movement from an infected human or animal. Infection usually happens by ingesting the parasite accidentally. Cryptosporidium may be found in soil, food, water, or surfaces that have been infected with the feces from humans or animals carrying the disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012).

Water that has not gone1through a water purification process is1dangerous to human health. Developing countries1who have less access to safe water are among1the poorest in the country, for example, Africa. People in Africa often1have to go a long way to collect water yet the water1would still be unsafe for them. The water1would be contaminated by bacteria,1viruses, chemicals, mineral, and1fungi – that could cause serious1diseases. “In South Africa alone more than seven million people (approximately 17% of the population) do not have access to potable water supply as nearly twenty-one million (about 54% of the population) lack basic sanitation” (Zamxaka and et al.). Africa is so poor1they don’t have any machine to purify the water, therefore1the individuals in Africa have no choice1but to use unsanitary water.

Water is the most valued and vulnerable natural resource that no living organism can survive without it. Maintaining the water’s quality is a very important task where all individuals involved must perform with at the highest standard of honesty, integrity, and responsibility. This is because of the fact that they have a direct impact to the society’s health. Usually, chlorination, adding doses of chlorine, is a common disinfection practice to kill any harmful microorganism in the water. However, with wrong calculations or improper managements in terms of using chlorination method can result in some serious problems. The case of Walkerton is an example of how reducing government budget, failing to maintain chlorine residual levels at the requirement, and continuing unprofessional practices for years—like altering reports—result in ethical violation that led to a horrible tragedy that shouldn’t happened.

At present, around 20% of the world 's population needs safe drinking water, and about a large portion of the world population needs satisfactory sanitation. This issue is intense in numerous creating nations, which release an expected 97% of their untreated urban sewage specifically into surface waters. Downstream, the untreated water is utilized for drinking, showering, and washing, bringing about genuine human diseases and sicknesses (Zetland, 2008). In general, waterborne contaminations represent 94% of all human irresistible diseases in creating nations. The absence of clean conditions adds to roughly 13 million deaths every year, principally among newborn children and youthful youngsters. Around 45% of US fresh water is esteemed unfit for drinking or recreational use due to pollution by unsafe microorganisms, pesticides, and manures. In the United States, waterborne diseases represent roughly 961,704 contaminations and around 1022 dead every year. In late decades, more US domesticated animals creation frameworks have drawn nearer to urban ranges, bringing about water and food to be polluted with excrement (WWF, 2013). The amount of domesticated animals excrement and different squanders created every year in the United States is assessed to be 2.1 billion. As indicated by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) every year more than 77 million Americans are tainted and