An Overview of Diabetes

Type II Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes or aadult onset diabetes. It is a medical disorder that, due to a number of factors codependent with the modern world, is characterized by higher than normal blood glucose levels that play havoc with insulin deficiency and resistance. Insulin resistance means that cells do not respond appropriately when there is free insulin in the blood system. Essentially, they body is reacting to an improper balance of sugars and insulin. Because obesity is often present, research suggests that even thought the mechanisms controling glucose and insulin are unclear, the adopose tissue likely

Researcher James Levin’s “Poverty and Obesity in the U.S” from American Diabetes Association, research about the Obesity and Diabetes in Poverty counties/reigns of the United States. Levin believes poverty and obesity are linked to each other. According to Levin’s research “ People in America who live in the most poverty-dense counties are those most prone to obesity. ” . There are many reason that link poverty to obesity, but Levin believes lack of fresh food and inactivity has a huge role in chronic metabolic disease (obesity and diabetes), and cardiovascular death. People who

Diabetes is a disease where the body is unable to produce or use insulin effectively. Insulin is needed for proper storage and use of carbohydrates. Without it, blood sugar levels can become too high or too low, resulting in a diabetic emergency. It affects about 7.8% of the population. The incidence of diabetes is known to increase with age. It’s the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the US, and is the primary cause of blindness and foot and leg amputation. It is known to cause neuropathy in up to 70% of diabetic patients. Individuals with diabetes are twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease. There are two types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2.

The American Diabetes Association (2004) defines diabetes as a subset of metabolic diseases associated with hyperglycemia secondary to insulin failing to release, act, or both. Complications related to chronic diabetes can be detrimental to one’s health including but not limited to: heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, amputations, blindness, and other optical diseases. Furthermore, the prevalence of diabetes is rising at an astronomical rate within the United States as well as internationally. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2016) an estimated 29 million people suffer with diabetes and 86 million are prediabetic within the United States (US). Without major interventions from the healthcare community,

Uncontrolled diabetes can affect nearly every organ of the body; of which, heart disease and kidney failure are most commonly impacted. Known as diabetes mellitus, a collective term for various blood abnormalities, the term diabetes refers to either a scarcity of insulin in the body or the body’s inability to accept insulin. Though the symptoms of diabetes are manageable, many are unaware as to having it. According to the CDC report “2011 Diabetes Fact Sheet,” approximately 6 million people in the United States have undiagnosed diabetes. Undetected, diabetes can become deadly. In a recent World Health Organization report “Diabetes Action Now: An Initiative of the World Health Organization and the International Diabetes Federation,” it

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a pandemic that affects millions of people. The growth rate of unrecognized pre-diabetes in America is expected to rise up to 52% by 2020 (Lorenzo, 2013). As the prevalence of diabetes increases, so will the complications and burden of the disease. One of the leading causes for cardiovascular disease, renal failure, nontraumatic lower limb amputations, stroke, and new cases of blindness is DM (Lorenzo, 2013).

Children all over are getting sick and on the verge of dying due to the lack of knowledge in America. About one of our many “secret killers” that slide right under our noses. We as a country need to educate ourselves and prove that we are the strong, brave and knowledgeable country we always say we are. We need to ensure that the knowledge we receive is correct and not just jumbled misconceptions we hear from the media or by word of mouth. We, as a country, have the chance to stop an estimation of a 55% increase for 2030 for this “secret killer”, diabetes (IDF). This disease is serious and has nothing mild about it (IDF, JDRF). We must take the steps now America and stop our children and families from going through something like this.

The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes are increasing worldwide, particularly in devel-oping countries, in conjunction with increased obesity rates and westernization of lifestyle (In-zucchi et al., 2012). The economic burden for health care systems is skyrocketing, owing to the costs associated with treatment and diabetes complications. Type 2 diabetes remains a leading cause of cardiovascular disorders, blindness, end-stage renal failure, amputations, and hospitali-zations (World Health Organization, 2014).

Type 2 diabetes is an unending condition that influences the way the body produces glucose otherwise called glucose. With Type 2 diabetes the body does not create enough insulin or opposes the insulin. Diabetes has a noteworthy impact in the lives of people. There are more than 3 million cases in the United States every year. At times there are side effects were the individual can get it early however in different cases there are no side effects demonstrating the nearness of a non working pancreas. Additional research on diabetes should be led keeping in mind the end goal to instruct individuals that are at high danger of developing this disease and what should be done to counteract and treat it.

For over one century nurses around the world have dedicatedly provided care for patients at the bedside. However, once discharged to home an increasing number of these patients still require nursing care and are unable to afford so. These patients are parishioners; we attend church with on Sundays mornings. The parishioners are experiencing several health issues they face daily. Therefore, establishing a parish nursing to help parishioners address their health issues is paramount to improving these individuals’ quality of life. This chapter contains an overview of parish nursing and their impact they have in health care.

Diabetes is one of the most common non-communicable diseases in the world with currently 347 million people living with the condition and was the direct cause of approximately 1.5 million deaths in 2012 (WHO). It is a condition that occurs when the body cannot provide enough insulin or cannot use the insulin that is produced effectively. Insulin is what allows glucose to enter the body’s cells for energy so without it, too much glucose stays in the blood stream. The insulin is what regulates blood sugar and without it, it can cause damage to the body. There are two types of diabetes, Type 1 is caused when the pancreas cannot produce insulin and is less common in diabetic patients. Type 2 diabetes (NIDDM) is caused when the body does not

Diabetes Mellitus is “a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It is a disease which is caused by the insufficient insulin secretion or decrease in the peripheral effects of insulin. It is a serious problem in terms of morbidity and mortality. The hyperglycemia is associated with long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. It’s associated with many complications which includes blindness of the eyes and amputations of the extremities. It is also associated with neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases which lead to mortalities.

Diabetes mellitus is chronic disease that continues to become increasingly more prevalent worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is classified by hyperglycemia, or increased blood sugar, which is a result of either no or little insulin production by the pancreas, or the body not responding to the insulin being produced. When the body produces no insulin, it is referred as either Type I diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, as opposed to Type II diabetes, which is typically non insulin dependent. If this disease is not managed properly, diabetes can lead to many complications including damage to the eyes, nerves, heart and kidneys. Since diabetes is a self manageable disease, complications can be avoided through continuous glucose

Culture is defined as the totality of attitudes, knowledge, customs, and beliefs that distinguishes one group of people from another. Culture is transmitted, through language, materials, and day to day interactions within a population. Cultural norms and are not inherited, but learned behaviors and is passed from one generation to another (Kulkarni, 2004). In the United States, individuals with diabetes come from various cultural backgrounds and perspectives which “establish rules “for living that extend to the cultural meaning of diabetes and its management (AADE, 2012). Culture influences an individual’s beliefs, attitudes and knowledge and indirectly impact the effectiveness of diabetes self-management education (DSME), (Nam, Chesla, Stotts, Kroon, & Janson, 2011). Therefore, to be effective in the delivery of DSME, diabetes educators must understand the influence of culture on DSME, as well as to learn more about how to be culturally humble. AADE (2012) defines cultural humility as a “lifelong commitment to self-evaluation and self-critique to redress imbalances and to develop and maintain mutually respectful dynamic partnerships based on mutual trust”. Since individuals with diabetes come from different cultural backgrounds, diabetes educators must learn how to incorporate important aspects of culture, patient-focused interviewing, and care, into DSME programs (AADE, 2012).

Diabetes is a systemic disease caused by a decrease in the secretion of insulin or reduced sensitivity or responsiveness to insulin by target tissue. (Beale, et al., 2011) The incidence of diabetes is growing rapidly in the United States and worldwide. An estimated 347 million people around the world are afflicted with diabetes. (Whalen, et al., 2012) According to World Health Organization (WHO), Diabetes prevalence among adults over 18 years of age has risen from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014. It is the major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke and limbic amputation. World Health Organization (WHO) projects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death in 2030. It is a complex and costly disease that can affect nearly every organ in the body and result in devastating consequences. The leading cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations, renal failure, and blindness in working-age adults, diabetes is also a major cause of premature mortality, stroke, cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, congenital malformations, perinatal mortality, and disability. (Cefalu, 2000) Insulin therapy and oral hypoglycemic agents have demonstrated improvement in glycaemic control. However, Insulin therapy has some disadvantages such as ineffectiveness following oral administration, short shelf life, of the need for constant refrigeration, and fatal hypoglycaemia, in the event of excess dosage.