An Study On Territoriality And Intrusion On Public Spaces

It is difficult for researchers to isolate specific causes of child behaviour because each child’s environmental settings and values are different from one to another.

This investigation will focus on; “What impact does family size have on conformity?” This is an experimental design using quantitative subjective data which is achieved through the form of statistics from questionnaires. The independent variable of family sizes will be tested against individual percentages of conformity. According to the Oxford Dictionaries, The definition of conformity is the behaviour with accordance to socially accepted convention or standards. (Oxford Dictionaries, 2016)

The findings reflect on the way children are brought up. In Germany, even working mothers are rare, children are encouraged to be independent and self-reliant. Also, greater personal distance is the norm and proximity seeking is not encouraged. These experiences lead young children to show less anxiety about separation and be classed as avoidant. In Japan, children rarely are separated from mother, which explains why Japanese

Young children typically try to stay very close to their parents when they are in an unfamiliar setting. This best illustrates the adaptive value of:

| * “police” situations with other children, emphasising rules * Consequence of actions awareness * Thoughtfulness increased

“Residents were asked about the likelihood (‘would you say it is very likely, likely, neither likely nor unlikely, unlikely, or very unlikely’) that their neighbors could be counted on to intervene in various ways if (i) children were skipping school and hanging out on a corner, (ii) children were spray-painting graffiti on a local building, (iii) children were showing disrespect to an adult, (iv) a fight broke out in front of their house, and (v) the fire station closes to their home was threatened with budget cuts” (Sampson et al., 1997, 919-920).

The text mentions how movement from one room to another is considered a territorial passage. (p.192) This makes me think about when my family went on a San Diego brewery tour where we were driven to a string of breweries. Each time we entered a new brewery we would have a rite of passage of trying one of their signatures crafts. If we really enjoyed the atmosphere we often would have another beer signifying us leaving the location to enter the next.

In the United States, many parents feel that their children should be protected from all dangers at a young age and as children get older parenting styles will frequently change. Some parents believe in strict parenting and having rules and guidelines for their children to follow. On the other side of the spectrum there are parents who are very lenient and passive when it comes to how they parent their child. How a parent chooses to parent their child is a strong indicator of how the child will act in public and around other children.

One afternoon last december, in Washington, DC, police was alerted by a person to pick up a brother and sister, who were walking a mile heading home, and take them to their parents. After the police took the kids home, he warned the kids’ father of potential dangers that his kids could have faced while walking unsupervised. (Griffin) These days, there are many other cases similar to this where kids walking home unsupervised are reported to authority and taken into supervision with their parents being warned in some ways as a consequence. So what makes kids walking home unsupervised such a nation-wide controversy? Free-range parenting. Nowadays, free-range parenting is quite a big issue as the world is changing so rapidly and is no longer the same world that parents in this generation could freely roam around in their own childhood. Some argue that free-range parenting is nothing more than a mere negligence over their children in that the world is now simply too dangerous for the children to explore on their own. They say that the world is no longer safe for a child to be outside alone and that so-called free-range parenting is just being irresponsible parents. However, they are wrong. Although free-range parenting may look so dangerous and unnecessarily risky, it, in fact, has far more advantages than disadvantages and is and has been an enormous necessity when raising children for a number of reasons: it makes

While many consider segregation to be an issue of the past, left behind with the Civil Rights Act and protests of the 1970s, segregation and hypersegregation live on today. In Introduction to Cities, hypersegregation is defined as “central-city ghetto neighborhoods that are highly segregated, isolate, and concentrated,” (Chen, et. all, 200). Per Chen, Orum and Paulsen, it is the most damaging kind of segregation that exists today (Chen, et. all, 200). Hypersegregation, measured by the Index of Dissimilarity, was perpetuated by redlining and racial covenants.

Roller skating rinks and bowling alleys are two places that people visit for recreational purposes. Although I have gone bowling a couple of times, I have never gone roller skating at a rink. Some people do go by themselves, while others take along a friend or family member(s). I visited both of these facilities in order to conduct field research and do a micro-level analysis so as to gather primary data from the natural environment about society and patterns of social behavior. While in public, there are certain rules of behavior that are generally followed, which are considered acceptable by the members of society (McLeod, 2008). Individuals who do not follow these norms may be shunned or suffer some type of ramification (McLeod, 2008).

Ainsworth, M. D. S., Bell, S. M., & Stayton, D. J. (1971) Individual differences in strange- situation behavior of one-year-olds. In H. R. Schaffer (Ed.) The origins of human social relations. London and New York: Academic Press.

For this family assessment the Denver II (Frankenberg et al., 1992) was used to interview two-year old S.J. and her family. S.J. lives with her mother, step dad, and two step siblings; her step brother is seven and step sister is 10 years old. This family lives in a newly-remodeled, two-story home, with approximately five bedrooms and three baths, resembling their social class status which is lower middle class. The home appeared to be clean and organized upon my observation. The neighborhood they live in is kid friendly and well-kept/clean. Street signs and sidewalks are present throughout the entire neighborhood to ensure safety. The home is very local and near a big city, which means they are close to many different restaurants, shopping centers, entertainment, etc. that both adults and children can enjoy. When assessing S.J. and her family are Christians but they do not attend church. In the families free time they like to go bowling, swimming, skating, and go to the zoo. S.J.’s step dad said they are always on the go.

Securely attached infants have a good quality of relationship with their parents. In the strange situation, where parents leave their child alone or with a stranger in a room full of toys, these children are upset when their parents leave, but easily comforted when they return. The child uses the parent as a “secure base” from which to explore the environment. In the strange situation, insecure/resistant infants

New Urbanism, a burgeoning genre of architecture and city planning, is a movement that has come about only in the past decade. This movement is a response to the proliferation of conventional suburban development (CSD), the most popular form of suburban expansion that has taken place since World War II. Wrote Robert Steuteville, "Lacking a town center or pedestrian scale, CSD spreads out to consume large areas of countryside even as population grows relatively slowly. Automobile use per capita has soared, because a motor vehicle is required for nearly all human transportation"1. New Urbanism, therefore, represents the converse of this planning ideology. It stresses traditional planning, including multi-purpose zoning,