An Unstable Backbone Can Obstruct The Re Establishment Of Public Services Essay

This essay would inquire in to the impact of global health actors on Health Policies in the Republic of Ghana highlighting the World Trade Organization, The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund as reference points.

Illness and disease along with poverty still plague Haiti today. The effort to try and recover from the most recent earthquake tragedy has Haitians concerned. The conditions that they have endured in the past just to survive are worse than the conditions brought on by the earthquake. Some Haitian natives feel the Government is moving a bit slow in cleaning up and getting

HIV/AIDS has been responsible for one of the worst epidemics in history. In her book “The Invisible Cure” Helen Epstein details why Africa in particular was so devastated by the disease, which countries failed and which succeeded in the struggle to contain the virus, and why this happened. Epstein highlights a particular phenomenon, that first took place in Uganda, but which can be translated to many countries and situations, and which she calls “the invisible cure.”

However, in Haiti’s case, it is so entrenched in debt that the government has problems far beyond water and sanitation. In 2008, Haiti was $1.85 billion in debt to other countries, and that figure is only growing (Varma et al., 2008, p. 68). Additionally, countries that were helping reconstruct the physical water system and infrastructure, such as the United States, have been backing out because they know it is unlikely Haiti will repay them. Failed international involvement is a crucial side-effect of a government in disarray. Other nations do not trust Haiti and do not want to enter the scene of turmoil. Consequently, such a shortage of financial resources is harming multiple facets of Haitian lives. For example, the country does not even know how much water it requires for self-sufficiency because the government has not allocated funds to research and development (Stoa, 2015, p. 5). Moreover, water transportation is currently ineffective. The natural geographic location of individuals relative to the water supply puts the metropolitan areas at an advantage. Wealthier individuals have cisterns and can pay a premium for water whereas rural residing Haitians often travel on foot carrying their water in buckets (Varma et al., 2008, p. 70). However, developing more efficient water distribution procedures for the population at large is costly and requires funding the government cannot

The story of Haiti’s healthcare system is unfortunately tied all too closely to disaster, both man-made and nature-born. This paper will briefly discuss the pre-2010 earthquake healthcare environment in Haiti as the uncertainty that exists provides little opportunity to provide a reasoned understanding of its current national healthcare status.

Haiti experienced an earthquake on January 12, 2010 that left the people in a substandard state. It is reported about 3,500,000 people were affected by the earthquake and 220,000 people estimated to have died from it (2010). Many homes and institutions were destroyed including schools, hospitals and government establishments. Leaving much of the population in a dire need of humanitarian intervention. Humanitarian Intervention and development conducted over many years by the United States have hindered the country's government and people. In the attempt of rebuilding the worth and state the country once had, humanitarian intervention has done more harm than good. I will prove how intervention prior and post the earthquake has in more cases, continued to further diminish the possibility of development. The notion of United States intervention in Haiti is controversial; although interveners construct methods and policies that allow dependence, their

In Haiti, there are still about 55,000 people in makeshift camps/homes, many are still living in unsanitary conditions due to displacement caused by the earthquake. According to the article Haiti Politics, “Political violence is rare now, although demonstrations are frequent in Port-au-Prince and other outlying areas for various reasons, to include dissatisfaction of infrastructure and utilities to disapproval of Haitian government entities or UN presence. Any demonstration is capable of turning violent, and innocent bystanders or travelers can be caught up in a clash, rock throwing, and tire burning roadblocks,” (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/haiti/politics.htm). Regarding Haiti’s healthcare, the article Haiti’s struggling healthcare system, it says, “The problem with

Also experiencing corruption, criminal violence, and a weak political system, what Haiti lacks more is a functioning economy (Carment & Samy, 2014). Haiti has very few natural resources, lacks the stability and development to encourage foreign investments, and struggles with extreme inequality amongst its citizens (de Blij, et al., 2014). Haiti’s GDP has had little if any growth or development in the last ten years (Carment & Samy, 2014), and according to the World Bank (2018), Haiti is still the poorest state in the Western Hemisphere. To make matters worse Haiti has experienced a number of environmental disasters which would upset a developed country, no less a country that already lacks security and development. Within two years Haiti experienced 4 cyclones, along with a devastating earthquake which killed over 300 000, and displaced well over a million residents. Again in 2016, Haiti was hit with another devastating hurricane. Although, Haiti suffers from a weak government and corruption, the Haitian economy is even more unstable. A very different picture than the political warfare that Somalia has experienced for the last 25 years. These two modern day examples demonstrate how unclear a single definition is in helping outsiders to understand individual state

Other problems that is affecting the countries is the citizen’s health. The people in Haiti are constantly dying because of many vicious diseases, such as Aids, HIV, Malaria, high blood pressure, seizures, fever and mental abnormalities etc. They catch these diseases and most likely not able to be cured because they are not much doctors and nurses to help cure these sickness among these people. Children, women and men are all sick and are slowly dying because of these sickness that they gain from the community that they live in, since they are poverty all around them it’s a little bit challenging for them to avoid catching infectious diseases from the people in the village. It’s important for the country to have has many doctors as they can

An economic adviser to Prime Minister Jean-Max Bellerive is also quoted in the article, stating the idea that these Non-government organizations (NGOs) have irreversibly “infantized” the country, or in other words, made the country lack a sense of self sufficiency. Yet, the article does not any give positive information regarding the impact of this aid, proving only further evidence of discussing the issue through a limited debate. Notwithstanding, the article does recognize that relief efforts and aid did help millions of Haitians in the wake of extreme havoc, but wonders “whether the efforts of well-funded aid groups—some of which have been in Haiti for 50 years—can improve Haiti's long-term outlook is another matter”(Córdoba). The article is closed by describing the hospital’s slow progress, and inserts yet another subjective ideology: that the only way to save the hospital, along with the economy in Haiti, is to veer away from foreign aid. This discloses the reader to only one subjective view, a view that creates a negative connotation with sending

Every year sub-Saharan Africa receives around $134bn in loans, foreign investment and development aid, according to the UN. Nonetheless, sub-Saharan Africa is still the poorest region in the world. For many years the international community has debated over the reasons why every year billion and billions of dollars are not taking sub-Saharan Africans out of poverty. Three major groups have prevailed in the discussion. First, the people who totally blame Africa for not doing its job right, completely forgetting that most of the funds are not administrated by Africans. Second, the people who believe that even though aids are not working, the international community should keep investing funds in Africa even if is failing; one day they will work.

Policy makers use numerous tools to exert their power through public health. One way this is done is through Bourdieu’s concept of economic capital. This so called capital can be further broken down into three categories: cultural, social, and symbolic. For people in rural eastern Uganda, this capital allows them to reach total health which Meinert (200220) described as having a ‘good life.’ In this case the government who implements the policies would be exerting their power through the institutionalized portion of cultural capital. This would include things like degrees, certification, and qualifications. Without access to say an education the people in this community would suffer because they are lacking an important part that makes up their

Since 1804, after Haitians slave revolution brought independence from France; Haiti is a very unstable country. With its high corruption, crime rate, poverty and natural disasters it’s one of the poorest areas in the Americas. The enormous earthquake from January 2010 made their situation even worse. Already struggling country had to face even more difficulties to raise their economy. Even though Haiti received very generous amounts of donation their economy is still in a bad shape. The World Bank “ranks Haiti as the 162nd worst place in the world to do business out of 183 economies” (Adelman, 91). Moreover Haiti is the most corrupted country in the world. Therefore, “Approximately 54 percent of the population lives on less than $1 a day and 78 percent on less than $2 a day” (Adelman, 92). So why the aid Haiti received was not effective in repairing the country? What happened with all the effort and plans that were supposed to rebuild Haiti’s economy?

control. As also explained by USAID that, fragile states develop their health system from gradual

As of 2008, private expenditures accounted for 88.9 percent of the total health expenditures, out of which 95.7 percent were out-of-pocket payments—the highest rate in the region (World Health Organization, 2015b). While high costs constrained access to health care services for people who were unable to afford out-of-pocket payments, poor quality of care also limited their desire to seek health services in public hospitals. The regime’s prioritization of the security agenda over social sector investment, along with the regime’s narrow conception of development and the impact of external sanctions, reduced political capacity and performance legitimacy of the state with regard to health care delivery (Rudland, 2003). This exacerbated the “social suffering” of the people, as described by Hanna & Kleinman (2013), from poverty, social insecurity, restricted socio-political freedom, and long-standing state-societal disharmony.