An investigation into the factors affecting the sustainability of CDF funded projects in Kiambu

The system of public financing is one in which public funds cover either some portion or all of the election costs associated with running for office. In return for the public’s financial support, the candidates are limited in the amount they can spend during their campaign (Primo and Milyo 2006a). This system is beneficial to all three branches of government, and is arguably most influential on non-legislative candidates. This is because, the size of these legislators suppresses the power of any single member, and compels interest groups to look elsewhere for major influence (Primo 2006).

Political structures are defined as the formal or informal political procedures through which decisions are made regarding the usage, production and distribution of resources in any given community. Formal political structures through its organizations can control processes such as election of leaders; parts and tasks of the executive and administration; organization of political representation (through political parties); and the obligation and oversight of the state. Informal and communal political structures, customs and rules can work within or together with the formal political organizations. In development, democratic political structures are seen to deliver prospects for all without discrimination (Scott & Mcloughlin, 2014).

However, if the state and local government stopped fighting so much and worked together more often then maybe there wouldn’t be so much fighting between the two. This paper will discuss the roles of the state and local government, the relationship between the two, how it can be controversial, and how it can possibly be fixed to prevent conflict between the two levels of government.

Best practices and worst lessons from failed experiences of devolution and self-governance in one community, serve as precedence in making better devolution self-government deals with the government in other northern communities. The north is all interconnected and network in this era of globalization.

In politics, and particularly in representative democracies, accountability is an important factor in securing good governance and, thus, the legitimacy of public power. Accountability differs from transparency in that it only enables negative feedback after a decision or action, while transparency also enables negative feedback before or during a decision or action. Accountability constrains the extent to which elected representatives and other office-holders can willfully deviate from their theoretical responsibilities, thus reducing corruption.

The contemporary society poses quite a number of challenges to the social, environmental, economic and political front. Without the help of a governance system that is stable and bears direct impact on the individual citizens in practically the entire nation, it is very likely that the nation will suffer under the weight of these challenges named above.

Lastly, in modern democracies, political parties fail to fulfill their classical function as being ‘peoples’ representatives’ and enforcing the advocated policies. They tend to become such large organizations with tremendous amount of reach and power that they dominate the government and become less and less accountable to the people. The parties gain the power to suppress civil cases and manipulate their way into the parliament. Large parties are also able to turn elections in their favor and spend massive amounts of money and society’s scarce resources into election campaigning, solely based on marketing and advertisement. Thus, political parties in modern democracies are no longer instruments of public participation in the decision making process and these reason offer enough justification

As a result, the potential revenues from DIF will be very limited. Furthermore, the tax rate might be relatively high on the newest development. Moreover, DIF would not be used as a primary funding method or as a replacement funding method for the traditional methods. But, DIF might achieve huge revenues in fast or new growing areas as the new developments will be much more.

4. What kind of debt (agency debt, bank debt, or Rule 144a bonds) should the sponsors of the project use to fund the deal? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each kind of debt? In your view will project bonds receive an investment grade rating? What is the“weakest link” of the project? How can they improve the likelihood of getting an investment grade?

Today, running state affairs and managing public sector are fast evaporating from the government to other peripheral authorities within and outside the government circles. Notably, decentralization of authority is on the rise, devolution of power to sub-national governments and governance (Bevir, 2012:4) are adding to the shifting paradigm in state powers.

Most government departments that form the pool of an economic cluster, which was set up to co-ordinate policies, are slowly becoming unproductive. The cluster is made up of many different departments, including the National Treasury, economic development as well as minerals and energy. The non-existence or lack of alignment of interests between political leaders and the public has had harmful influence on the public’s confidence in political leadership. Thus in turn has a negative impact on economic performance.

This will ensure transparency within the members of the Panchayat as the fieldworkers will constantly have a say about the different projects in the village. During these meetings, another suggestion would be for Sohan Lal to present a minimum of four different projects that would be voted by all the members. This will ensure that the allocation given by the MNREGA would not go to waste, as they will take the project number 2 if a problem arises. The idea of including the fieldworkers during the numerous meetings is a way to give them the opportunity of choosing what projects they want to work on to improve the quality of life of all the population. Finally, another suggestion would be for Sohan Lal and his team to make sure that there is a strong system of justice in the village. It is important for the population to know that there are rules to follow in the village, and to set balance of the rights and obligations each members of the society have.

Basic sector Organizations (BSOs) are organizations compose of many traditionally challenged groups in the Philippine society. One of these groups include the farmers and those rural workers who own no lands (DBM-DILG-DSWD-NAPC, 2013). The above mentioned farmer [ Lumacao & Tuting] affirmed that they have been called to participate in the budget preparation process including their wives and relatives who are also farmers like them. Traditionally challenged groups like them should not be taken for granted. The government should let them feel that they are also important in the making of the government. These people needs more attention than those educated ones with jobs situated on offices not like the farmers on their farms. Especially not all of them has lands on their own to

The backbone of a decentralized system is to eliminate 561 “agency-delegated functions,” this functions government ministries delegate to prefectural governors, municipal mayors, and local governments; and replace many of them with “local autonomy functions.”

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