Anabolism And Catabolism In The Human Body

The concept of energy intake and expenditure refers to the amount of calories per day that an individual consumes, and is the chemical energy in foods which can be metabolized to produce energy available to the body. As stated before energy is obtained from the foods we eat and is used to support an individual’s Basal Metabolic Rate, energy is measured in calories or joules as both units are very small they are multiplied by 1,000 and referred to as kilocalories. Different foods provide us with different amounts of energy, and the potential fuel sources available to exercising muscles are fats – 1 gram fat =9.0kcal = 23kJ,

ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate: is a complex chemical compound, which is formed with the energy that is released from food and stored in all cells, but particularly muscles. Only from the energy released by the breakdown of this compound can the cells perform work. The ATP-PC System is an anaerobic process which means that fast bursts of energy for short, powerful bursts are produced and there is no oxygen involved in this process. www.ptdirect.com/anatomy-and-physiology/energy-systems/the-atp-p-system The fuel source for this energy system is Creatine phosphate. A muscle cell has some amount of ATP within it that it can use immediately, but not very much. To replenish the ATP levels quickly, muscle cells contain a high-energy phosphate compound called creatine phosphate. The phosphate group is removed from creatine phosphate by an enzyme called creatine kinase, and is transferred to ADP to form ATP. The cell turns ATP into ADP, and the phosphagen rapidly turns the ADP back into ATP. As the muscle continues to work, the creatine phosphate levels begin to decrease.

ATP is often referred to as the energy currency of life. The cells use a form of energy called ATP to power almost all activities, such as muscle contraction, protein construction, transportation of substrates, communication with other cells and activating heat control mechanisms. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), an energy-bearing molecule found in all living cells. Formation of nucleic acids, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction, and many other energy-consuming reactions of metabolism are made possible by the energy in ATP molecules. The energy in ATP is obtained from the breakdown of foods.

ATP is the main energy molecule in cells and has a unique function as an energy transferor. This molecule contains nitrogenous base adenine connected to three molecules of phosphorus. The last 2 phosphates are high energy bonds. When ATP releases the terminal phosphate, energy is released while forming a new compound ADP. ADP can be remade with another phosphate to form ATP again

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a multifunctional nucleotide used in cells as a coenzyme. It is often called the "molecular unit of currency" of energy transfer. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is produced by photo-phosphorylation and cellular respiration and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including active transport, respiration, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by ATP synthase from inorganic phosphate and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). ATP is used is many organisms and also in different ways. Below are a few ways in which ATP is used.

This energy is used to re-form the bonds between ADP and P to make ATP.

“Explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in your body”

An explanation of the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in the body. (P4)

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is a chemical compound formed to provide the body with energy. The molecule is made up of 1 adenosine molecule and 3 phosphate molecules which can be seen as; (A + P + P + P = ATP). The body obtains ATP from carbohydrates, fats and proteins and only small amounts of ATP can be stored in muscle cells, for about 10 seconds only. It only takes the body around 3 minutes to fully restore its ATP supply.

ATP-PC - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the usable form of chemical energy for muscular activity. It is stored in most cells, particularly in muscle cells. Other forms of chemical energy, such as that available from the foods we eat, must be transferred into ATP form before they can be utilized by the muscle cells.

The anaerobic system known as the glycolytic pathway, uses glucose to produce ATP. Glucose is broken down into pyruvate through glycolysis to produce ATP. The amount of energy produced is very little, but you get the energy quickly. The glycolytic pathway is the second fastest way to resynthesize ATP and is the predominant energy system used for large bursts activities. Two exercises that utilize the glycolytic pathway are powerlifting such as bench press and deadlift.

stored in all cells, particularly muscles. Only from the energy released by the breakdown of this compound can the cells perform work. The body is capable of resynthesising ATP to continue producing energy. For this to be able to happen within the body it must use the energy and reverse the equation: ATP = ADP + Energy.

ATP is an energy carrying molecule and it is found in the cells of living things, the ATP would capture the chemical energy that comes from the breakdown of food molecules and it releases the fuel to the other cellular processes, the cells need chemical energy to take away metabolic reaction that would not work automatically, it would also transport substances that are needed across the membranes and does mechanical work like moving muscles, an ATP does not store molecules for chemical energy because the carbohydrates like glycogen and fats do that, energy is needed by the cell and is converted from stored molecules in the ATP and then it delivers energy to the areas in the cell that need energy to do their daily

During HS, the utilization of carbohydrates (i.e. glucose) as an energy source is altered (Streffer, 1988), and this has been demonstrated by our lab in pigs (Pearce et al., 2013) and cattle (Wheelock et al., 2010). Acute HS was originally thought to be responsible for reduced worker productivity in summer months (Baumgard and Rhoads, 2013), and was first reported to cause hypoglycemia in cats (Lee and Scott, 1916). In addition, athletes exercising during times of HS have increased hepatic glucose output and glucose oxidation at the expense of lipids (Fink et al., 1975; Febbraio, 2001). Moreover, exogenous glucose is unable to blunt the formation of hepatic glucose (Angus et al., 2001) likely due to increased glycogenolysis (Febbraio, 2001), and gluconeogenesis (Collins et al., 1980). A proposed mechanism for the enhanced hepatic glucose output is increased pyruvate carboxylase expression (a rate limiting enzyme that controls lactate and alanine entry into the gluconeogenic pathway) during times of HS (O’Brien et al., 2008; White et al., 2009) likely resulting from increased plasma lactate (presumably due to an increase in muscle lactate production). This indicates that peripheral tissues increase aerobic glycolysis, and thus resembles the Warburg effect (used in cancer cells) where aerobic glycolysis in skeletal muscle is accelerated and lipolysis is reduced (Baumgard and Rhoads, 2013).

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), that is present in all metabolically active cells, can be determined in a bioluminescent