Analogy Of Reliability And Validity

Values and Motives Questionnaire: The Technical Manual (n.d.). Retrieved from the Liberty COUN 521 website: Psytech International.

The Values and Motives Questionnaire, also known as the Values and Motives Inventory, is designed to examine a person’s motivation in relation to his values and activities. In order to ensure a comprehensive understanding of values, the VMQ assess three distinct areas, including: interpersonal, intrinsic, and extrinsic. Interpersonal values, according to the VMQ refer to one’s relationships with others. Intrinsic values contain one’s personal beliefs and attitudes. Finally, extrinsic values are one’s motivating factors at the workplace. Each of these three areas contain twelve topics

Validity refers to whether the research conducted is what it intended to be. Validity involves dependability, which means, a valid measure must be reliable. But, reliability doesn’t have to link to validity, a reliable measure is not required to be valid.

For any measure to be valuable in psychological research, it needs to be both valid and reliable (Goodwin, 2008: 128). Research is reliable when more researchers have found the same results, or, within for instance behavioural research, when the same behaviour occurs at several measurements (Goodwin, 2008: 124). There are different types of validity. Firstly, there is construct validity, which measures whether an operationalisation of a construct actually measures what it is supposed to measure. Secondly, criterion validity determines whether a certain phenomenon is related to another phenomenon, and can accurately determine future developments. Lastly, content validity determines whether a test measures all aspects of the construct that is being measured (Goodwin, 2008: 125-126).

In the text book, “Theories and Research of Personality” written by Daniel Cervone and Lawrence A. Pervin, the authors talk about the goals to research and they are referring to reliability, validity, and ethical behavior. With reliability, the author is referring to the “extent to which observations can be replicated and whether the measures of the research are dependable or stable” (Cervone, Pervin 43, 2013). Reliability is extremely important to have when conducting research because if the research conducted is not reliable then when trying to get research out to people, other psychologists will not believe what you are trying to get across and in the long term affecting ones career. Also Cervone and Pervin talk about validity which is,

In addition, it will allowed me to validate theories or claims with-in the real life situations. According to Leedy & Ormrod (2016) the strengths of a qualitative approach is that it can allow one to explore studies done in the past, can use multifaceted design, validate previous theory, or assumption, enable one to create a new theory related to the context being analyzed, help to uncover obstacles that exist within the context, and it allows to judge the effectiveness of practices, innovations, or a specific guidelines (Leedy & Ormrod, 2016). Therefore, the limitation of qualitative study is that it can’t conclude the cause and effect of what happened. For instance, if conducting this type of research on depress children, I will not be able to conclude to the cause of why these individuals are depress. Or what caused them to be

You presented good points on the subject of criteria for credibility in qualitative research. One that stood out for me was “Employing the appropriate qualitative method is essential in gathering data to answer the research question or questions proposed prior to the start of the study (Ambert et al, 1995).” Merriam (2002) pointed out that there could be a variety of methodology that could be applied to qualitative research, and the scholar or researcher would have to indicate which particular one is being employed, and what accompanying strategies were being utilized. In particular, she noted that examples of specific methodologies could include interpretive study, ethnography, grounded theory, and narrative analysis. Each of these would generate

Construct validity has to do with establishing correct operational measures for the concepts being studied (Yin 2009, p. 40). Yin (2009), writes that researchers can improve construct validity construct validity can be if multiple sources of data is employed (triangulation of data), establishing chain of evidence, and reviewing the report with their informants (p. 41). In making sure that one can draw a meaning and useful inferences from scores on particular instruments of data collection and to demonstrate the accuracy of their findings, Creswell (2013) also advice the use of member checking and triangulating data (p. 201). Quarm (2009) and Sarquah (2008) both used several data sources (interviews, documents, media, and internet) in

Validity and reliability are used to measure whether a study's results are trustworthy or not (Merriam, 1998). Validity includes internal and external validity. Internal validity considers whether researchers really measure what they are purporting to measure and what the findings reflect (Merriam, 1998). Merriam (1998) suggests six ways to increase a study's internal validity: 1) triangulation, 2) member checks, 3) long-term observation, 4) peer examination, 5) participants' involvement, and 6) researcher's bias. This current study employed multiple instruments, such as a survey, interviews, weekly journals, document collection, and field notes, to collect data from the participants and the research site for triangulation.

However, efficacy does have some threats, such as experimental procedures, treatments, or experiences of the participants that threaten the research ability to draw correct inferences from the data in an experiment. For example, the researcher collecting data must be consistent throughout the study without jeopardizing the quality of the work. Inaccurate information in may lead to failing research. The data collected from participants have to be truthful to support the doctoral study, which is not a good idea to change participants in the middle of a

Validity refers to the believability or credibility of a research (No author, 2018). The data was valid as multiple trials were conducted (5 trials) and it was a fair test so therefore it must also be reliable. Reliability is the repeatability and the quality of being trustworthy or of performing well (Oxford, 2018). The factors that effected the validity and reliability of the results included were there were only three different pH solutions (pH 4, pH 7, pH1 0) used in this experiment which does not give an accurate result on which pH is the optimum pH for enzyme action. The range of pH values, at which catalase works is approximately 4 to 9, therefore more different types of pH’s should have been used in order to narrow on the exact pH value that causes the most enzyme action. The error bars in figure 1 and 2 represents the uncertainty or error of the corresponding coordinate of the point.

The concept of reliability within measurement is often debated amongst health professionals, as it is crucial to the recording of physiological improvements in active and passive range of motion (ROM). In particular, different techniques such as observation, goniometry and inclinometry are utilised in clinical settings to determine the ROM for elbow extension. It is noted that, reliable methods are fundamental for providing quantitative relationships and an understanding of musculoskeletal impairments.

Reliability is the credibility for an item with explanation from various perspectives to convince one to believe. In the twenty first century, the society has transformed into an information age, which individuals could get access to information through various Medias like internet, magazine and newspaper. Since Medias is open to all individuals, information could be easily changed or added within these Medias, which lowers the reliability of the sources. Therefore, lacking of reliability leads individuals like teachers, students and stakeholders to question the practicability of the resource especially in human sciences.

Quantitative researchers seek to collect high-quality data by using measuring instruments with demonstrated reliability and validity (Polit & Beck, 2017). Qualitative researchers, by contrast, are the primary data collection instrument and must take steps to ensure the trustworthiness of the data while in the field. The fundamental features of these efforts are to confirm that the findings accurately reflect the experiences and viewpoints of the participants, rather than the researchers’ perceptions (Polit & Beck, 2017). For example, one confirmatory activity involves going back to participants and sharing preliminary

Reliability is defined, within psychometric testing, as the stability of a research study or measure(s). Reliability can be examined externally, Inter-rater and Test-Retest, as well as internally; which is seen in internal consistency reliability methods.