Analysis: How Music Tempo Effect A Mile Time

It is to be hypothesised that participants reaching higher velocities upon reaching lactate threshold will display superior 5k running performance and that there will be a significant relationship between the two variables.

Exercise increases heart rate by a process of sympathetic autonomic stimulation. Sympathetic (adrenergic) nerves increase the excitability of the sino-atrial node and reduce the P-R interval .As exercise continues, the physiological changes in the body are continuously monitored by a number of physiological systems and the balance of activity of the sympathetic system (speeding up) and the parasympathetic system (slowing down) is constantly adjusted. When exercise is over, the heart rate does not drop immediately as the body has to undergo a period of re adaption to return to the resting state.

The effects of heart rate on differing durations of exercise were studied in this experiment. For people, heart rate tends to increase as they perform physical exercises. The amount of beats per minute gradually increases as people perform physical activities. Heart rates taken before exercise are relatively low, and heart rates taken one minute after exercise increase significantly. Heart rates slowly begin to decrease after they are taken two minutes and three minutes after performing the step test, which is to be expected. The rates of intensity throughout exercise relates with changes in heart rate throughout the step test performed in the experiment (Karvonen 2012). The age of the participants affected the experiment, since the heart rate during physical exercise, in this case the step test, is affected by age (Tulppo 1998).

meters were half a second slower, and the following 200 meters half a second slower than that, and

The trial consisted of 40 minutes of continuous West African akan, North Indian raga, or Japanese taiko instrumental music. All music stimuli maintained an identical base tempo of 90 beats per minute regardless the rhythmic structure, the volume of the music was 50dB so that all the music had the same average amplitude. Tempo and amplitude were manipulated using the GarageBand software by

The controlled variable included the exercise bike and heart rate monitor. There are several limitations, systematic and random errors that should be considered when interpreting these results. (4) The controlled variables were not tested before this experiment to see if they were working and reliable. Figure 2 heart rate was quite inconsistent and did not follow the pattern of the other results, which maybe suggest a random error with the heat rate monitor. A systematic error could include the fitness of the participants. One of the test subjects is an endurance athlete and the other does not compete in any sport. This would affect the results because for the endurance-trained athlete, from their training they increase their cardiac output results from a substantial increase in maximal stroke volume. In untrained persons, cardiac output increases in response to exercise primarily by an increase in heart rate. The endurance-trained athlete does so mainly by an increase in stroke volume. Simply meaning that although both participants are doing the same cadence and length the endurance athletes skewers the results by already having an increased rate in stroke volume. Another systematic error may include the rate of perceived effort. For the most accurate results, the measured maximum heart rate would be necessary to give an accurate cadence to ride at.

During rest or normal physical activity muscles use glucose and break it down to CO2 and H2O to give ATPs (energy) to the muscles to work. This reaction requires oxygen which comes from the blood. Therefore your heart constantly requires to pump oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body muscles and carry back the CO2. the independent variable would be exercise, leaving the heart rate as the dependent variable; thus it is the one that it affected. This lab was to fully understand how the heart is affected by exercise.During exercises, more ATPs are required and hence more glucose is broken down, therefore more oxygen is required. therefore the heart needs to pump oxygenated blood into the muscles faster and Therefore the heart rate increases.

There are several pathways that can explain each experiment that was performed and why it happened. The first experiment was to test to see how exercise affects BP as well as HR. It is hypothesized that immediately after exercise both subjects will have an increase in their arterial pressure as well as their heart rate will increase. This is because when a person is exercising, their blood is pumping faster, which is causing the heart to beat faster and the pressure to rise. Subject #1 (well conditioned) baseline BP was 117/61 mmHg and had a HR of 66 bpm. Where as subject #2 (poor conditioned) baseline BP was 110/70 mmHg and HR had a HR of 80 bpm. Immediately after exercise both subjects BP and HR increased significantly. Subject #1’s BP went

In the study of, “Specific Intensity for Peaking: Is Race Pace the Best Option?,” thirteen athletes participated in order to prove if race pace was really better than high intensity training. At the beginning of experiment the athletes were tested by running a 10km race. Then thirteen participants, they were divided into two groups: one consisting of HIT and the other RP. “HIT would perform short intervals at about 105 percent VO2 max, while RP would train at longer intervals at a speed of about 90 percent of the VO2 max,” (Alcocer and etc.). Each participants then trained together for twelve weeks of baseline training. Meaning that they ran together to put in the mileage needed in order to start running at high velocity speeds in order to avoid injuries. Then the athletes trained for an addition six weeks under one of the two “peaking” methods. At the end of the training process, each athlete had to run another 10km race. Though both groups did improve their time, it seemed as though the HIT training seem to have a more positive

The Leads measured HR and SC. “The physiological measures were collected using the WaveRider biofeedback system (Mind- Peak), and the signals were obtained with a sample rate of 128 Hz” (Coutinho, Cangelosi 2011, p. 925). The participants used EMuJoy to convey there emotional responses. The participants got to practice using EMuJoy. Participants had to rate their emotions to the music not the ones they thought were conveyed through the music. Each piece was played in a random order and there were break periods between each piece. The experiment in total took approximately one hour long for the participants to complete. In the next experiment the same paradigm was used from the first experiment. In the next experiment the six sound features were individually tested and tested with two units for the physiological features to be represented. in fifteen trials models are trained using different initial conditions. The testing set had one less item then the training set. They were distributed to cover a wide range of values for emotional states. The participants had to guess the next emotion to the from the inputs to the model they belonged to (Coutinho, Cangelosi,

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of gait training on older adults to see the improvement in there walking. The study showed the impact on gait and showed the benefits to cognitive performance of training healthy adults to walk to the rhythm of the beat. For the test the music therapy group had the participants where told to walk up and down until they felt they where walking naturally to the music. Participants in the music therapy group walked an average of four times until they felt they were walking comfortably to the music without having to think about it. This test shows musical intervention training improves the stability and helps people walk steady. Working with my client I might use this in session to help her from

It is suggested that exercises can be performed for a longer period of time with music than without it, and it is more effective when fast music is played. In addition, same level of exertion is perceived with music although the duration has increased (Thakur & Yardi, 2013). I found this to be quite true since my endurance level became higher when I listen to songs with fast and upbeat tempo like this, the rhythm had motivated me to continue the exercise.

Each time I do this, I would check her pulse and record it. The independent variable in this experiment would be the music genre, I can change it, and it will affect the outcome of my experiment. The dependent variable during my experiment is the mood that the person who is being tested on.

As the intensity of exercise increased, so did the rates of the heart and breathing. After a small period of rest, the heart rate and breathing rate both decreased to a point close to their resting rate. This proved the stated hypothesis. First, the hearts average resting rate was recorded to be 76 bpm. The heart is therefore transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide at a reasonably steady rate via the blood. During the low intensity exercise (Slow 20) the heart rate increases to 107 bpm, which further increases to 130bpm at a higher intensity level (Fast 20). The heart therefore needs to beat faster to increase the speed at which oxygen is carried to the cells and the rate at which carbon dioxide is taken away by the blood.

In the United Kingdom, studies have been compiled to prove whether the tempo of music will have an effect on your blood pressure, with task performance or none. With the compiled studies Linda Brookes states that listening to music that is fast will increase the blood pressure meaning ones heart rate will rise, where as slower music will do completely the opposite of what fast music does. Within the study the subjects were to listen to 6 different songs at different tempos and it concluded that with simple rhythmic structures, and fast tempo there will be an increase in ventilation and breathing rate, meaning as more oxygen goes to the heart the heart rate will increase, whilst with slower music there’ll be a drop in heart rate or the heart rate won’t go up as much as it did the faster music.