for assessing behavioral indicators of pain.1 More recently, the American Society for Pain Management Nursing Task Force on Pain Assessment in the Nonverbal Patient (including persons with dementia) recommended a comprehensive, hierarchical approach that integrates selfreport and observations of pain behaviors.11 Recently, tools to measure pain in persons with dementia have proliferated. In 2006, a comprehensive stateof-the-science review of 14 observational pain measures was completed. The authors
Management Focusing on Acute Pain: A Multidisciplinary Concept Analysis The concept of managing acute pain is extremely significant to nursing as pain is one of the most common problems for which patients seek out health care resources. Pain is a complex and abstract concept that encompasses sensory, emotional, psychological, social, and spiritual perceptions of pain that may occur in combination with physical pain. Pain is difficult to describe and often hard to measure; although, most healthcare
Brundtland refutes (2014), “Today Osteoporosis affects more than 75 million people in the United States, Europe and Japan, and causes more than 2.3 million fractures in the USA and Europe alone”. Overtime Osteoporosis weakens the bones, and bone mass deteriorates. Kling et al. (2014) states, “The definition of Osteoporosis is low bone mass, leading to increased fracture risk”. With time bones lose calcium and phosphorous becoming fragile and susceptible to fractures, especially fractures of the
Some signs and symptoms of Osteoporosis are, “Back pain, loss of height, a stooped posture, a curved upper back (dowager’s hump), fractures, and compression fractures in the spine that may cause severe back pain (WebMD, 1995-2014). A physical examination for Osteoporosis is imperative, because it screens for secondary forms of Osteoporosis. Establishing and obtaining a medical history
58-year-old patient who has osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee? a. Discomfort with joint movement b. Heberden’s and Bouchard’s nodes c. Redness and swelling of the knee joint d. Stiffness that increases with movement ANS: A Initial symptoms of OA include pain with joint movement. Heberden’s nodules occur on the fingers. Redness of the joint is more strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Stiffness in OA is worse right after the patient rests and decreases with joint movement. DIF: Cognitive
Analysis of Assessment Patient J.B. presented the office with chief complaints of coughs and sore throat that lasted about seven days. These symptoms are typically seen in respiratory tract infection or inflammation that is caused by viruses or bacteria. The initial differential diagnoses included Influenza, cough, common cold, community-acquired pneumonia, acute bronchitis, acute pharyngitis, and postnasal drip syndrome based on the chief complaints. The reason that why these differential diagnoses
striking player and amplifying the energy transfer to the struck player. Falls to the ground resulted in the lowest impacts because when the back of the helmet hits the ground, the closing energy is only coming from the one player. The biomechanical analysis has resulted in stricter enforcement of rules against head-down and head-to-head tackling techniques. The frontal area is the brain’s largest lobe and the most common area of damage in football players. The frontal lobes are where reason and thinking
The desire for positive social relationships is one of the most fundamental and universal human needs. This need has a deep root in evolutionary history in relation to mating and natural selection and this can exert a powerful impact on contemporary human psychological processes (Baumeister & Leary 1995). Failure to satisfy these needs can bear devastating consequences on the psychological well being of an individual. These needs might not be satisfied as rejection, isolation, and ostracism occurs
With access to prescription drugs, people are able to treat a multitude of diseases and illnesses. These drugs help deal with pain, inability to sleep, depression, and much more. Every day we are increasingly living in a world where there is better living through chemicals. However, what most do not seem to see is the rising tide of pain, illness, and ultimately death being caused by the pills people take every day. Most keep drugs in a special place in their minds, where they see them as harmless
gastro-enterologists or hepatologists to provide expert advice whenever required. iii. Post- operative care. c. Pre- planned strategies to manage complications, in case they occur. PRE- OPERATIVE ASSESSMENT (1, 2) History 1. Presenting complaint: Pain in hip- duration, severity, character, effect on function (this is the determinant of the necessity and urgency of surgery) 2. History related to liver cirrhosis: a. Duration of cirrhosis and how it was diagnosed initially. b. Cause of cirrhosis-