Analysis Of Adipose Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

It has the ability to form any type of specific cell and thus has the greatest potential for treatments in the near future.  A more recent development in stem cell research is the creation of induced pluripotent cells, which are adult cells that become undifferentiated through a series of treatments.  Induced pluripotent stem cells have a number of benefits because the destruction of embryos is not necessary and there are no issues with immune response or rejection because the cells come from the patient.  However, it will be a long time before this type of cell become widely used on humans because the method used is not completely understood and has negative side effects.  In animal testing, “…the virus used to introduce the stem cell factors sometimes causes cancers” (“Stem cell basics”).  Therefore, embryonic stem cells should be an important part of stem cell research.  Even if induced pluripotent cells can replace embryonic cells in the future, the knowledge gained from current embryonic cell research would still be very applicable.   Unfortunately, research is very time and resource intensive, which is where the debate of federal funding comes into play.

The controversy due to embryonic stem cells is quite debatable. Both sides present many strong reasons that prove their point, but it is still, frankly, nearly impossible to take a stand from an unbiased view. "This is the first study showing that embryonic stem cells can be used for brain and spinal cord repair in an animal model of a human neurological disease," said researcher Oliver BrŸstle (a neuropathologist at the University of Bonn in Germany) referring to the study done on rats (CNN). Just like Oliver BrŸstle many scientists around the world agree that embryonic stem cell show much welcomed hope of cure of spinal and brain repair. In addition to healing spinal and brain injuries, the embryonic stem cells can also treat diabetes, a disease which 54%

Pluripotent stem cells are the stem cells that can only differentiate into a limited range of differentiated cells. (2) They have the ability to give rise to all somatic cells from ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, as well as gametes. Naturally it can be found in embryos as Embryonic stem cells (ES cells). Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells or iPSC) are the pluripotent stem cells that are generated directly from adult cells, first discovered by Shinya Yamanaka in 2006 by using a set of reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc or LIN28 and Nanog) (3) to reprogram mature cells back to a pluripotent state (4).

Keywords: ethical, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), disease, drug development, research

There are a number of advantages associated with the stem cell research. As these stern cells obtained from embryos possess the capability to renew them and can set apart into a broad cell type range, the research on these stem cells can have potential comprehensive and influential applications. One of the great examples of this is the fact that embryonic stem cell research can have significant benefits for those who suffer from Type I diabetes. Moreover, embryonic stem cell research put forwards remarkable

According to Embryonic stem cell therapy ‘best route’ it states “ if transplanted, these cells might halt and even cure patients of diseases such as type 1 diabetes, parkinson’s disease or heart failure.” This supports my claim because it shows that stem cells could stop some diseases that could kill someone. Also it shows that there is a way to stop parkinson’s

The process when stem cells give rise to blood cells, or any other specialized cells, is called differentiation (“Stem Cell Basics”). Stem Cells’ ability of differentiation can be targeted and directed to generate tissue and therefore to cure degenerative diseases (Panno 24-28). However, such medical promise faces the doubts and gives rise to disputes. In fact, federal funds for stem cell research were banned under President Bush’s administration, but the ban was then lifted by President Obama’s administration (Obama). Despite the different arguments, more medical trials should be conducted with embryonic stem cells in order to determine whether the medical promise is applicable or far-fetched.

Imagine being bound to spend the rest of your life in a wheelchair. Never being able to stand on your own two feet again. Now what if I told you there was a solution to your worse nightmare. Thanks to embryonic stem cells your dream of walking again can now be reality. Despite popular belief embryonic stem cells benefit society more than believed. The three aspects of embryonic stem cells are repairing damaged tissues, finding cures for several disease, and not considered to have life.

Is this the new cure for cancer?Embryonic stem cell are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst , an early-stage pre-implantation embryo.Embryonic stem cells , as their name suggests, are derived from embryos. Most embryonic stem cells derived from embryos that develop from eggs that have been fertilized in vitro. In an in vitro fertilization clinic-and then donated for research purposes. Debates over the ethics of embryonic stem cell research continue to divide scientists,politicians, and other religious groups. I agree with embryonic stem cells research because,women who couldn’t have kids are now able to have them through research.

Stem cell research indicates that these cells can help carry out organ transplants, treat various diseases affecting human beings, and aid in repairing and replacing various body tissues. One reason stem cells, especially embryonic stem cells, are so effective at treating diseases is they are free from genetic disorders. This ensures a significantly high success rate at curing the ailments they are used to treat. Stem cell transplants, if widely adopted, could give lasting solutions to many medical problems facing humanity. This will be possible because the embryonic cells, or the reprogrammed somatic cells, if induced to sick people, can help regenerate, repair or replace worn out, damaged, or diseased tissues. This will help get solutions to organ malfunction, through removing affected organs and then inducing stem cells, which then help to regenerate or repair the affected organs

This paper aims to identify key developments in the evolution of indued pluripotent stem cells and how these developments will impact the medical field. Beginning with a comprehensive exploration of the history and discovery of stem cells, it will highlight the challenges historically faced by researchers and medical professionals prior to the discovery of defined factors in adult cells. Using published research for reference, it will describe the process of discovery and modern application of induced pluripotent stem cells, leaning heavily on the original work of Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto University, who was awarded a Nobel Prize for her role in discovering adult pluripotency. Finally, it will take a forward perspective to predict how this technology may be used in the future of medicine and discuss some of the most controversial ethical questions regarding these potential uses.

Diabetes is a disorder that affects millions of people in the United States today. There are two main types of diabetes including type 1, and type 2. Diabetes is caused by the body’s inability to produce insulin from beta cells. Beta cells are cells that can be found in the pancreas and regulate glucose levels. When glucose levels spike, beta cells are sometimes unable to continue producing adequate amounts of glucose and are destroyed in the process. In diabetics, the body’s immune system attacks the beta cells believing that they are foreign matter. When beta cells are destroyed, no insulin can be produced and can result in many symptoms including fatigue. Although this is an increasing problem today due to the increased levels of obesity, scientists have found a possible cure. This possible cure requires the injection of human embryotic stem cells in hopes that the cells can replicate and replenish the destroyed beta cells.

“Heart disease, cancer, spinal cord injuries, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, ALS, autism, obesity, osteoporosis, and Parkinson's disease” (Farrell and Carson-Dewitt) are some of the many diseases that have been treated with the use of embryonic stem cells. Stem cells are cells that have the possibility to migrate to the site of a medical condition and differentiate into cells that can aid and treat the specific condition or disease. The discovery of the isolation of stem cells from embryos was discovered in 1998 by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine’s John D. Gearhart and the University of Wisconsin’s James A. Thomson. This discovery, “was widely recognized as one of great medical and ethical importance” (Farrell

Human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells isolated from blastocysts, and are highly useful in studying human development (Itzkovitz-Eldor et al., 2000 p. 88). Although the National Institute of Health states that “it is not known if iPSCs and embryonic stem cells differ in clinically significant ways”, iPSCs are already being used to achieve the same results as ESCs in some applications without the use of embryos, removing the ethical concern associated with ESCs (National Institutes of Health, 2009). ESCs are capable of differentiating into all cell types, and can be used as a source of differentiated cells. In the report by Itskovitz-Eldor et al., they discuss the induced differentiation of ESCs in suspension into embryoid bodies, including the three embryonic germ layers. The authors state that “the ability to induce formation of human embryoid bodies that contain cells of neuronal, hematopoietic and cardiac origins will be useful in studying early human embryonic development” (Itzkovitz-Eldor et al., 2000 p. 88).

In 2006, Shinya Yamanaka and Kazutoshi Takahashi performed a groundbreaking study in stem cell research. They reprogrammed mouse skin fibroblasts by introduction of four transcription factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc and generated cells almost indistinguishable from ES cells. They named these cells induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) (Takahashi K., et al., 2006).