During Ariane 5 launch, the software failure occurred when an attempt to convert a 64-bit floating point number to convert a 64-bit floating point number representing the horizontal velocity to a signed/fixed 16-bit integer caused the number to overflow (become too big). The floating point number was too large to be represented in 16-bit (i.e. Ariane 4 software) and this hence caused a numeric overflow. The maximum value that can be represented in 16-bit is 32768. And the horizontal velocity which was being measured by sensors was greater than this, and hence the number overflowed. Moreover, Ariane 5 software did not have an exception handler for numeric overflow and as a consequence it defaulted overall runtime exception handling for the programming language used (i.e. ‘Ada’) and this default behavior in the event of NULL exception handler was to shut the system down. Since the backup system was running the same software code, exactly the same thing happened.
Famous author and software engineer, Ian Sommerville has defended the argument where software designed for Ariane 4 was reused. According to Ian, in fact the developers of Ariane 5 software developers followed the good systems engineering practice. They decided to reuse the software because the inertial reference system (IRS) was exactly the same as installed in Ariane 4 (i.e. very reliable system). The part of the system that failed was actually not required because particular calculation being carried out there was
A firewall should be installed in the Chula Vista location. Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliances offer state-of-the-art security that is still flexible enough to meet your company's needs as it grows and changes. Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliances support:
Regarding software capability, there was also a concern with anticipating possible requirements from Petrobras, which led the company to develop another dedicated software, the so called Era3D to control the generation of reports, the entities to be included in the database and the documentation of the evolution of the scale model, among other features. The applications of these softwares
In 2001, Teradyne senior management decided to make a fundamental change in the strategy and aimed to create a single flexible tester platform. The project named as Jaguar to represent how critical it is to the
A key factor in determining a project's viability is its cost of capital [WACC]. The estimation of Boeing's WACC must be consistent with the overall valuation approach and the definition of cash flows to be discounted. Note that this process is a forward looking focus and is laden with uncertainty. It is how the assumptions are modeled that many costly mistakes can be made. While finding a rate of return for an individual project, it is important to remember that WACC is only appropriate for an individual project.
There were also some unknown variables that needed to be taken into account. Development and per-copy costs were the costs that the board wanted to minimize. The forecast assumes that development costs would be $8 billion. There was great uncertainty surrounding the manufacturing cost of the 7E7. The element that adds the most uncertainty to the manufacturing costs are in the engineering of the aircraft. While the engineering costs could be high, Boeing was hoping that the lower construction costs of using the composite materials would compensate for the elevated engineering costs.
Airbus was planning to introduce the A380 in direct competition to Boeing 747 to compete in the large aircraft sector. The rivalry between Airbus and Boeing was already intense. Boeing’s market share reduced from 70% in 1974 to 45% in 1990 while Airbus’s market share had increased from 1% to 34% during the same time (Exhibit 5). Encouraged by this increase in market share, Airbus was contemplating the introduction of A380. Development of new product line is extremely expensive in the Aircraft sector. Following is a quantitative analysis of the project to calculate the risks involved in introducing a new line of Aircrafts.
As the world’s largest aerospace company and leading manufacturer of commercial jetliners and defense, space and security system, Boeing puts a lot of efforts and innovations in its products and services. These include commercial and military aircraft, satellites, weapons, electronic information and communication systems, and performance-based logistics and training.
Suppliers generally have a moderate to high bargaining power within the industry due to the limited number of suppliers which forces aviation companies to choose from the number available and accordingly to accept their prices. In fact, fuel is the second highest cost for aviation companies. There are highly depended on supplier’s prices and the availability which indicates on a relatively high bargaining power of suppliers. In addition, there are high switching costs which are strongly in favor of the suppliers and means that the company experiences an increase in operating costs when switching to another supplier as flying another type of aircraft leads to additional costs (maintenance, training etc.).Aircrafts are vulnerable to delays due to the location of gate locations which leads to a decrease in utilization and therefore to an increase in costs.
With the correct use of Software Development Lifecycle principles and systems analysis tools they can offer significant savings in procurement and maintenance. The biggest motivation for using COTS components is that they will reduce overall system development costs and involve less development time because the components can be bought instead of being developed from scratch. This could prove to be useful for software development because of the ever increasing costs (Wikipedia, 2006).
In the beginning of the play, Macbeth by William Shakespeare Lady Macbeth starts off as strong and manipulative character with a heartless attitude. However, as the play progresses she begins to feel guilty for the murder of king Duncan. Her husband, Macbeth is a strong and brave character who is manipulated by his wife into murdering king Duncan, although he felt hesitant about doing so. In a way they have switched roles and she seems to play the more masculine role in the relationship and Macbeth plays the more feminine role. The two leading characters are both at fault for the murder of king Duncan because although Macbeth actually did the deed they both were involved in the murder.
significant improvements in the product line. BMW wanted to position itself as the "best" rather
Multiple factors were contributing to American Airlines fatal accident in 1999. To identify the factors and different issues with American Airlines Flight 1420 the SHELL model will be used. One of the major cause of this accident was a breakdown in Liveware-Software. Liveware-Software investigates procedures, manuals, checklists and standard operational procedures (ICAO SHELL Model, 2016).
With Airbus continuing to gain market share on Boeing, some available opportunities that are not mentioned in the case study is an expansion into military production. Boeing was the leader of military aircrafts and this would be an open opportunity for Airbus. Airbus eventually entered into the military production in December 2000 with orders for the German Air force. Airbus has the opportunity as well to take the lead on green initiatives, as the world grows ever more concerned about the environment.
In the middle of 1990’s, Boeing began its plan of acquisitions and in 1996 it paid $3.2 billion for the aerospace and defense holdings of Rockwell International which was responsible for the Space shuttle and International Space Station programs, as well as activities in launch systems, rocket engines, missiles, satellites and military airplanes. Furthermore, in 1997 Boeing completed a $14 billion acquisition of McDonnell Douglas which was the world’s number three maker of commercial aircraft. The acquisition
This report discussed the components of internal analysis, competitive advantage, and strategic competitiveness of Boeing Company. This is done by analyzing the tangible & intangible resources, capabilities, and core competencies in order to clarify Boeing’s strengths and weaknesses.